As the novel SARS-CoV-2 continues to infect numerous individuals worldwide, one of the leading approaches in dealing with the global health crisis is vaccination against the COVID-19. Due to recent reports, vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCov-19 (developed by Oxford and AstraZeneca) may result in a vaccine-induced catastrophic thrombotic thrombocytopenia disorder. Thus, as of March 16 of 2021, vaccination programs in 18 countries had been suspended until further examination, including Sweden, Germany and France. This disorder presents as extensive thrombosis in atypical sites, primarily in the cerebral venous, alongside thrombocytopenia and the production of autoantibody against platelet-factor 4 (PF4). PF4 autoantibody has the ability to binds the human FcRγIIA receptor of platelets and contribute to their aggregation. This rare adverse effect extremely resembles the clinical presentation of the classical immune-mediated HIT disorder, which occurs following exposure to heparin. Surprisingly, none of these patients had been pre-exposed to heparin before disease onset, leading to the hypothesis that a viral antigen from the vaccine had triggered the response. Importantly, COVID-19 had been associated with numerous autoimmune manifestations, including the production of pathogenic autoantibodies, new onset of autoimmune diseases and disorders. As the ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination leads to the synthesis of specific SARS-CoV-2-proteins, they may trigger a production of PF4 autoantibody though molecular mimicry phenomena, while vaccination compounds lead to a rigorous bystander activation of immune cells. If existing, removing such homological sequences from the vaccine may eliminate this phenomenon. In contrast, it needs to be emphasized that the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine was found to be safe and efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19 in randomized controlled trials, which included 23,848 participants from the UK, Brazil and South Africa.

随着新型 SARS-CoV-2 继续感染全球无数人，应对全球健康危机的主要方法之一是接种 COVID-19 疫苗。由于最近的报道，接种 ChAdOx1 nCov-19（由 Oxford 和 AstraZeneca 开发）可能会导致疫苗诱发的灾难性血栓性血小板减少症。因此，截至 2021 年 3 月 16 日，包括瑞典、德国和法国在内的 18 个国家的疫苗接种计划已暂停，等待进一步检查。这种疾病表现为非典型部位的广泛血栓形成，主要在脑静脉，伴有血小板减少和抗血小板因子 4 (PF4) 自身抗体的产生。PF4 自身抗体具有结合血小板的人 FcRγIIA 受体并促进其聚集的能力。这种罕见的不良反应非常类似于典型的免疫介导的 HIT 疾病的临床表现，后者发生在接触肝素后。令人惊讶的是，这些患者在疾病发作之前都没有预先接触过肝素，这导致了疫苗中的病毒抗原引发反应的假设。重要的是，COVID-19 与许多自身免疫表现有关，包括致病性自身抗体的产生、自身免疫性疾病和病症的新发。由于 ChAdOx1 nCov-19 疫苗接种导致特定 SARS-CoV-2 蛋白的合成，它们可能通过分子模拟现象触发 PF4 自身抗体的产生，而疫苗接种化合物导致免疫细胞的严格旁观者激活。如果存在，从疫苗中去除这种同源序列可能会消除这种现象。相比之下，需要强调的是，在随机对照试验中，ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 疫苗被发现对有症状的 COVID-19 安全有效，其中包括来自英国、巴西和南非的 23,848 名参与者。