With the remarkable development of internet technologies, the popularity of smart healthcare has regularly come to the fore. Smart healthcare uses advanced technologies to transform the traditional medical system in an all-round way, making healthcare more efficient, more convenient, and more personalized. Unfortunately, medical data security is a serious issue in the smart healthcare systems. It becomes a fundamental challenge that requires the development of efficient innovative strategies towards fulfilling the healthcare needs and supporting secure healthcare transfer and delivery. This article provides a comprehensive survey on state-of-the-art techniques for health data security and their new trends for solving challenges in real-world applications. We survey the various notable cryptography, biometrics, watermarking, and blockchain-based security techniques for healthcare applications. A comparative analysis is also performed to identify the contribution of reviewed techniques in terms of their objective, methodology, type of medical data, important features, and limitations. At the end, we discuss the open issues and research directions to explore the promising areas for future research.

中文翻译：

---

医疗保健数据调查：安全视角

随着互联网技术的飞速发展，智慧医疗的普及也屡见不鲜。智慧医疗利用先进技术，全面改造传统医疗体系，让医疗更高效、更便捷、更个性化。不幸的是，医疗数据安全是智能医疗系统中的一个严重问题。它成为一项基本挑战，需要制定有效的创新战略来满足医疗保健需求并支持安全的医疗保健转移和交付。本文对健康数据安全的最新技术及其解决现实应用挑战的新趋势进行了全面调查。我们调查了各种著名的密码学、生物识别、水印、以及用于医疗保健应用的基于区块链的安全技术。还进行了比较分析，以确定所审查技术在其目标、方法、医学数据类型、重要特征和局限性方面的贡献。最后，我们讨论了未解决的问题和研究方向，以探索未来研究的有希望的领域。