Abstract

The Government of Brazil established their Sustainable Palm Oil Production Programme (SPOPP) in 2010, which sought to enhance the sustainability and inclusiveness of oil palm development in the Amazon. This paper evaluates how well oil palm contract farming promoted by SPOPP has delivered on its inclusive development objectives. Drawing on cross-section data collected in Northeast Pará, it analyses two recurrent SPOPP themes, namely (1) equitable participation and (2) labour allocation to plantation management. Our analysis demonstrates that household availability of land and labour resources strongly shapes patterns of inclusion and exclusion. Moreover, findings reveal that labour time allocation is influenced by hiring of external labourers, which increases when households are labour and land poor. These results give reason to question the utility of labour-oriented contract farming eligibility criteria, revealing important inclusive business and value chain development dilemmas.

摘要

巴西政府于 2010 年制定了可持续棕榈油生产计划 (SPOPP)，旨在提高亚马逊油棕开发的可持续性和包容性。本文评估了 SPOPP 推动的油棕代耕如何实现其包容性发展目标。利用在帕拉东北部收集的横截面数据，它分析了两个反复出现的 SPOPP 主题，即 (1) 公平参与和 (2) 人工林管理的劳动力分配。我们的分析表明，家庭土地和劳动力资源的可用性在很大程度上影响了包容和排斥的模式。此外，研究结果表明，劳动时间分配受雇用外部劳动力的影响，当家庭劳动力和土地贫乏时，这种情况会增加。