Objective The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effect of exercise-based programmes in the prevention of non-contact musculoskeletal injuries among football players in comparison to a control group. Design Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Data sources MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, PEDro and SPORTDiscus databases were searched from the earliest record to January 2021. Eligibility criteria Studies were eligible if they (1) included football players aged 13 years or older, (2) used exercise-based programmes as intervention, (3) presented the number of non-contact musculoskeletal injuries (ie, defined as any acute sudden onset musculoskeletal injury that occurred without physical contact) and exposure hours for each group, and (4) had a control group (eg, usual training, minimal intervention, education). All types of exercise-based prevention programmes were eligible for inclusion. Risk of bias for each included study and overall quality of evidence for the meta-analysis were assessed. Results Ten original randomised controlled trials with 13 355 football players and 1 062 711 hours of exposure were selected. Pooled injury risk ratio showed very low-quality evidence that exercise-based prevention programmes reduced the risk of non-contact musculoskeletal injuries by 23% (0.77 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.97)) compared with a control group. Conclusion Exercise-based prevention programmes may reduce the risk of non-contact musculoskeletal injuries by 23% among football players. Future high-quality trials are still needed to clarify the role of exercise-based programmes in preventing non-contact musculoskeletal injuries among football players. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020173017.

中文翻译：

---

基于运动的预防计划是否可以减少足球（足球）中的非接触性肌肉骨骼损伤？对 13 355 名运动员和超过 100 万小时暴露时间的系统评价和荟萃分析

目的 本系统评价的目的是研究与对照组相比，以运动为基础的计划在预防足球运动员非接触性肌肉骨骼损伤方面的效果。设计 随机对照试验的系统评价和荟萃分析。数据来源 MEDLINE、EMBASE、CENTRAL、CINAHL、PEDro 和 SPORTDiscus 数据库从最早的记录到 2021 年 1 月进行了搜索。资格标准研究符合条件，如果他们 (1) 包括 13 岁或以上的足球运动员，(2) 使用基于运动的作为干预的计划，(3) 提供了非接触性肌肉骨骼损伤的数量（即，定义为在没有身体接触的情况下发生的任何急性突然发作的肌肉骨骼损伤）和每组的暴露时间，以及 (4) 有一个对照组（例如, 常规训练, 最少干预, 教育）。所有类型的基于运动的预防计划都有资格被纳入。评估了每项纳入研究的偏倚风险和荟萃分析的整体证据质量。结果 选择了 10 项原始随机对照试验，涉及 13 355 名足球运动员和 1 062 711 小时的暴露时间。汇总的损伤风险比显示，与对照组相比，基于运动的预防计划可将非接触性肌肉骨骼损伤的风险降低 23%（0.77（95% CI 0.61 至 0.97）），证据质量非常低。结论 基于运动的预防计划可将足球运动员非接触性肌肉骨骼损伤的风险降低 23%。未来仍需要高质量的试验来阐明基于运动的计划在预防足球运动员非接触性肌肉骨骼损伤中的作用。