Abstract

Research focuses on developing a novel flame-retardant filament utilizing acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) by the numerical approach using finite element analysis (FEM)-based software, COMSOL Multiphysics to overcome nozzle clogging and establish optimal three-dimensional (3D)-printing parameters. The developed FEM model enabled the numerical testing of differently shaped nozzles and proven the benefit of using a low-convergence angle (60°) nozzle because of the greater magnitude of pressure drop at nozzle tip compared with that of a high-convergence angle (120°) nozzle, a slightly better temperature distribution at the nozzle region, and smoother flow of the melted filament. Experimental tests results demonstrated the feasibility of using fused filament fabrication 3D printing to apply on ABS composite directly, and the printed samples retain their properties. An improvement in the burning test showed a V ₀ rating, thermal stability 13% at 800 °C, and the heat release rate of ∼390 W/g compared with neat ABS (∼501 W/g).

摘要

研究重点是通过使用基于有限元分析 (FEM) 的软件 COMSOL Multiphysics 的数值方法，利用丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯 (ABS) 和聚磷酸铵 (APP) 开发新型阻燃长丝，以克服喷嘴堵塞并建立最佳三- 三维 (3D) 打印参数。开发的 FEM 模型能够对不同形状的喷嘴进行数值测试，并证明了使用低会聚角 (60°) 喷嘴的好处，因为与高会聚角 (120°) 相比，喷嘴尖端的压降幅度更大°)喷嘴，喷嘴区域的温度分布略好，熔化的灯丝流动更顺畅。实验测试结果证明了使用熔丝制造 3D 打印直接应用于 ABS 复合材料的可行性，并且打印的样品保留了它们的特性。燃烧测试的改进表明V ₀等级，800 °C 时的热稳定性为 13%，与纯 ABS（~501 W/g）相比，热释放率为~390 W/g。