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Evaluating the Ready Biodegradability of Biodegradable Plastics
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-18 , DOI: 10.1002/etc.5116
Ryosuke Nabeoka 1 , Hisako Suzuki 1 , Yuya Akasaka 1 , Nanami Ando 1 , Tomohiko Yoshida 1
Affiliation  

Reducing the environmental burden and assessing the safety of plastics are huge global challenges. However, standard test data on the ready biodegradability of plastics are limited. We evaluated the ready biodegradability of 8 biodegradable plastics using Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) test guideline 301F with nonspecific bacteria and examined the effects of prolonging the test duration to a maximum of 90 d. Cellulose used as a potential reference material for plastics was not comparable to the reference material of OECD test guideline 301, but it may be improved by using a test concentration lower than the typical test concentration (100 mg/L). Of the 8 plastics examined, polyamide 4, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate), polycaprolactone, and poly(butylene succinate adipate; PBSA) were biodegraded by >60% by day 28 and considered to show ready biodegradability. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate; PHB), poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid-co-3-hydroxyvaleric acid; PHBV), and poly(butylene succinate; PBS) were biodegraded but did not fulfill the ready biodegradability criteria. Because the typical test concentration is considered to have negative effects on biodegradation and calculation of biodegradation percentage, using a lower concentration may result in PHB, PHBV, and PBS fulfilling the ready biodegradability criteria. Poly(d,l-lactide; PLA) was not biodegraded. The biodegradation of PBS and PBSA was noted to vary depending on the used inoculum and/or particle size. For the 7 plastics except PLA, the percentage biodegradation on day 60 was larger than that on day 28, indicating that a longer test period could be useful for evaluating the environmental persistence of plastics. In tests in which the plastics were not biodegraded by day 60, no marked biodegradation was observed by day 90. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2443–2449. © 2021 SETAC

中文翻译:

评估可生物降解塑料的易生物降解性

减少环境负担和评估塑料的安全性是巨大的全球挑战。然而,关于塑料易生物降解性的标准测试数据是有限的。我们使用经济合作与发展组织 (OECD) 测试指南 301F 对 8 种可生物降解塑料的非特异性细菌进行了快速生物降解性评估,并检查了将测试持续时间延长至最长 90 天的效果。用作塑料潜在参考材料的纤维素无法与 OECD 测试指南 301 的参考材料进行比较,但可以通过使用低于典型测试浓度 (100 mg/L) 的测试浓度进行改进。在检查的 8 种塑料中,聚酰胺 4、聚 (3-羟基丁酸酯--3-羟基己酸酯)、聚己内酯和聚(丁二酸己二酸丁二醇酯;PBSA)在第 28 天时被生物降解超过 60%,并被认为具有良好的生物降解性。聚(3-羟基丁酸酯;PHB)、聚(3-羟基丁酸--3-羟基戊酸;PHBV)和聚(丁二酸丁二醇酯;PBS)可生物降解,但不符合现成的生物降解性标准。因为典型的测试浓度被认为对生物降解和生物降解百分比的计算有负面影响,所以使用较低的浓度可能会导致 PHB、PHBV 和 PBS 满足现成的生物降解性标准。聚( d , l-丙交酯;PLA) 没有被生物降解。注意到 PBS 和 PBSA 的生物降解取决于使用的接种物和/或颗粒大小。对于除 PLA 以外的 7 种塑料,第 60 天的生物降解百分比大于第 28 天的生物降解百分比,表明更长的测试周期可能有助于评估塑料的环境持久性。在第 60 天塑料未生物降解的测试中,到第 90 天未观察到明显的生物降解。Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:2443–2449。© 2021 SETAC
更新日期:2021-05-18
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