A primary reason for the failure of renewal plans for the heritage of urban areas is ignorance of the risk factors of tourism. Urban heritage sites are valuable tourism resources and focus on tourism activities. These sites are affected by risks and negative events. Assessing tourism risks requires an in-depth knowledge of the current situation. Thus, in order to reduce the risk of tourism on urban heritage, it is necessary to assess the risk of tourist destinations. This study assesses the urban heritage of central districts in Tehran with an emphasis on tourism risk as a real case study. This study provides an in-depth review of the dimensions and criteria for evaluating tourism risks from the perspectives of social culture, environment, finance, safety and security. Fourteen criteria developed on the basis of the fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (FDEMATEL) method are adopted for this assessment to construct the fuzzy influential network relation map and find the fuzzy influential weights; this is known as the DEMATEL-based analysis network process (called DANP). The hybrid modified fuzzy VIKOR method is adopted to evaluate and reduce the tourism risk towards for closing the gap zero. Finally, an empirical case of Tehran city illustrates the availability and effectiveness of the proposed methods. The results revealed that safety and security risks have the greatest influence. The remaining dimensions are sociocultural, financial, and environmental risks. According to the model and the results of the risk assessment in tourism, this method is a reasonable solution for the assessment and risk analysis in real-world problems. The proposed method can be a useful tool for managers in tourism and urban planning.

中文翻译：

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基于混合模糊 MADM 方法的旅​​游风险评估改善城市遗产：以德黑兰中心区为例

城市遗产更新计划失败的一个主要原因是对旅游风险因素的无知。城市遗址是宝贵的旅游资源，以旅游活动为主。这些网站受到风险和负面事件的影响。评估旅游风险需要深入了解当前情况。因此，为了降低旅游对城市遗产的风险，有必要对旅游目的地的风险进行评估。本研究评估了德黑兰中心区的城市遗产，并将旅游风险作为一个真实的案例研究。本研究从社会文化、环境、金融、安全和保障的角度对评估旅游风险的维度和标准进行了深入的回顾。本次评估采用基于模糊决策试验与评估实验室（FDEMATEL）方法开发的14个标准，构建模糊影响网络关系图，寻找模糊影响权重；这称为基于 DEMATEL 的分析网络过程（称为 DANP）。采用混合修正模糊VIKOR方法评估和降低旅游风险，以缩小差距。最后，德黑兰市的一个经验案例说明了所提出方法的可用性和有效性。结果表明，安全和安保风险的影响最大。其余维度是社会文化、金融和环境风险。根据模型和旅游风险评估结果，这种方法是对现实世界问题的评估和风险分析的合理解决方案。所提出的方法可以成为旅游和城市规划管理人员的有用工具。