Resilience plays a key role in desired outcomes of socio-technical systems. However, the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM), which has been the main modeling tool in light of resilience engineering, does not make explicit the role of resilience. This paper addresses this gap by proposing new procedures for the development of FRAM models of desired outcomes. They are: (i) the active search for functions that display resilient performance; (ii) the assessment of the frequency at which the function output is expected to occur at the same way as it occurred in the desired outcome – frequent unwanted variabilities that occur despite desired outcomes tend to be hidden; (iii) understanding of the reasons for desired outcomes based on the analysis of the logical associations between each function, the abilities of resilient systems and guidelines for coping with complexity; and (iv) the proposal of recommendations for sustaining the observed successful performance. Two case studies of events with desired outcomes in an intensive care unit illustrate the applicability of the proposal. The proposal is expected to be useful for making systems more resilient to everyday work, in which vulnerabilities might be hidden by desired outcomes.

中文翻译：

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在 FRAM 中明确弹性：阐明预期结果

弹性在社会技术系统的预期结果中起着关键作用。然而，功能共振分析方法（FRAM）一直是弹性工程的主要建模工具，并没有明确弹性的作用。本文通过提出用于开发预期结果的 FRAM 模型的新程序来解决这一差距。它们是： (i) 主动搜索显示弹性性能的功能；(ii) 评估函数输出预期以与期望结果中发生的方式相同的方式发生的频率——尽管期望结果，但经常发生的不想要的变化往往被隐藏；(iii) 基于对每个功能之间的逻辑关联的分析，了解预期结果的原因，弹性系统的能力和应对复杂性的指南；(iv) 为维持所观察到的成功表现而提出的建议。在重症监护病房中具有预期结果的事件的两个案例研究说明了该提案的适用性。预计该提案将有助于使系统对日常工作更具弹性，在日常工作中，期望的结果可能会隐藏漏洞。