In this study, multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-supported M (Pd, Ni, Co, Mn, V, Zn)/MWCNT monometallic and M (Ni, Co, Zn, V, Ag, Mn)@(Pd/MWCNT) binary nanocatalysts were investigated to examine the effect of second metal promotion to Pd on formic acid electrooxidation (FAEO) activity. The sequential sodium borohydride (SBH) reduction technique was used for the preparation of nanocatalysts. For binary nanocatalysts, first of all, the monometallic Pd/MWCNT nanocatalyst was prepared. Then, second metal precursors (NiCI₂, CoCl₂, ZnCI₂, V₂O₅, AgNO₃, and MnCI₂) were added to Pd/MWCNT and further reduced with NaBH₄. After filtration and drying, binary nanocatalysts M@(Pd/MWCNT) were obtained. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) methods were used to characterize the obtained nanocatalysts. In addition, cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were utilized to examine the electrochemical activities of the nanocatalysts for FAEO. The results indicate that Ni@(Pd/MWCNT) nanocatalyst is better than the other nanocatalysts with 10.75-mA cm⁻² specific and 2924.48-mA mg⁻¹ Pd mass activity. Furthermore, Ni@(Pd/MWCNT) nanocatalyst has 110.4-m² g⁻¹ electrochemical active surface area (ECSA). Consequently, it is clear that Ni@(Pd/MWCNT) nanocatalyst is a promising nanocatalyst for direct formic acid fuel cells (DFAFCs).

中文翻译：

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通过连续硼氢化钠还原技术制备的碳纳米管负载的二元钯纳米催化剂具有优异的甲酸电氧化活性

在本研究中，多壁碳纳米管 (MWCNT) 支持的 M（Pd、Ni、Co、Mn、V、Zn）/MWCNT 单金属和 M（Ni、Co、Zn、V、Ag、Mn）@(Pd/MWCNT)研究了二元纳米催化剂以检查第二金属促进 Pd 对甲酸电氧化 (FAEO) 活性的影响。连续硼氢化钠（SBH）还原技术用于制备纳米催化剂。对于二元纳米催化剂，首先制备了单金属 Pd/MWCNT 纳米催化剂。然后，将第二金属前体（NiCl ₂、CoCl ₂、ZnCl ₂、V ₂ O ₅、AgNO ₃和 MnCl ₂）添加到 Pd/MWCNT 中，并用 NaBH ₄进一步还原. 过滤干燥后得到二元纳米催化剂M@(Pd/MWCNT)。X射线衍射（XRD）、电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）方法被用来表征所获得的纳米催化剂。此外，利用循环伏安法 (CV)、计时电流法 (CA) 和电化学阻抗谱 (EIS) 测量来检查纳米催化剂对 FAEO 的电化学活性。结果表明，Ni@(Pd/MWCNT) 纳米催化剂优于其他纳米催化剂，具有 10.75-mA cm ^-2比值和 2924.48-mA mg ^-1 Pd 质量活性。此外，Ni@(Pd/MWCNT) 纳米催化剂具有 110.4-m ²  g ^-1电化学活性表面积 (ECSA)。因此，很明显，Ni@(Pd/MWCNT) 纳米催化剂是一种用于直接甲酸燃料电池（DFAFC）的有前途的纳米催化剂。