This study examined whether early institutional rearing and attachment security influence the quality and quantity of friendships at age 16 in 138 participants, including children abandoned to institutions in Bucharest, Romania, who were randomized to care as usual (n = 45, 26 female), or foster care (n = 47, 25 female), and a never-institutionalized group (n = 46, 18 female). Adolescents in the foster care group with secure attachment to their foster mothers at 42 months were comparable to never-institutionalized adolescents in having more friends and more positive behaviors with their friend during dyadic interactions, compared to the foster care group with insecure attachment and care as usual group. Interventions targeting early child–caregiver attachment relationships may help foster the ability to build positive friendships in adolescence.

中文翻译：

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机构照料和增强依恋关系对青少年亲密友谊的长期影响

这项研究检查了早期机构抚养和依恋安全是否影响 138 名参与者在 16 岁时友谊的质量和数量，包括被遗弃到罗马尼亚布加勒斯特机构的儿童，他们被随机分配到照常照料（n  = 45，26 名女性），或寄养（n  = 47，25 名女性）和一个从未被收容的群体（n = 46, 18 名女性）。寄养组的青少年在 42 个月时对养母有安全依恋，与从未被收容的青少年相比，在二元互动中与朋友有更多的朋友和更积极的行为，与不安全依恋和照顾的寄养组相比普通组。针对早期儿童-看护者依恋关系的干预措施可能有助于培养在青春期建立积极友谊的能力。