Objective: The objective of this study was to provide comprehensive evidence synthesis including all available up-to-date data about the prevalence of N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies (ABs) in psychotic patients in order to evaluate the clinical relevance of ABs as well as to specify potential explanations of the heterogeneity of the findings and determine areas for further research. Methods: A literature search was conducted using the PubMed/Medline, Web of Knowledge, and Scopus databases. Results: Forty-seven studies and 4 systematic reviews (including 2 meta-analyses) were included in the present review. Studies that used cell-based assays (CBAs) provided heterogeneous results on AB prevalence, obviously depending on the type of detection assay and sample characteristics. Improvement of AB detection methods is necessary to determine the real prevalence of ABs across different groups of patients and healthy people. Live CBAs seem to have better sensitivity but probably poorer specificity than fixed CBAs. Moreover, some links between AB-positive status and acute symptoms are possible. A small amount of data on immunotherapy in AB-positive patients raises the possibility of its effectiveness but obviously require further research. Conclusions: NMDAR ABs are definitely present in a subset of psychotic patients. NMDAR ABs might shape psychosis and underlie some symptoms, and immunotherapy might be regarded as a treatment option for patients failing to respond to other therapies.
Neuropsychobiology

中文翻译：

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精神障碍中的 N-甲基 D-天冬氨酸受体抗体：系统评价

目的：本研究的目的是提供全面的证据综合，包括有关精神病患者中 N-甲基 D-天冬氨酸受体 (NMDAR) 抗体 (AB) 流行率的所有可用最新数据，以评估临床相关性ABs 以及对研究结果异质性的潜在解释，并确定进一步研究的领域。方法：使用 PubMed/Medline、Web of Knowledge 和 Scopus 数据库进行文献检索。结果：本次审查纳入了 47 项研究和 4 项系统评价（包括 2 项荟萃分析）。使用基于细胞的检测 (CBA) 的研究提供了关于 AB 流行率的异质结果，显然取决于检测检测的类型和样品特征。AB 检测方法的改进对于确定不同患者和健康人群中 AB 的实际患病率是必要的。活的 CBA 似乎比固定的 CBA 具有更好的敏感性，但特异性可能更差。此外，AB 阳性状态和急性症状之间可能存在一些联系。AB 阳性患者免疫治疗的少量数据提高了其有效性的可能性，但显然需要进一步研究。结论：NMDAR AB 肯定存在于一部分精神病患者中。NMDAR AB 可能会塑造精神病并成为某些症状的基础，而免疫疗法可能被视为对其他疗法无反应的患者的一种治疗选择。
神经心理生物学