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Enhanced carbon acquisition and use efficiency alleviate microbial carbon relative to nitrogen limitation under soil acidification
Ecological Processes ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-17 , DOI: 10.1186/s13717-021-00309-1
Tianpeng Li , Ruzhen Wang , Jiangping Cai , Yani Meng , Zhirui Wang , Xue Feng , Heyong Liu , Ronald F. Turco , Yong Jiang

Soil microbial communities cope with an imbalanced supply of resources by adjusting their element acquisition and utilization strategies. Although soil pH has long been considered an essential driver of microbial growth and community composition, little is known about how soil acidification affects microbial acquisition and utilization of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N). To close the knowledge gap, we simulated soil acidification and created a pH gradient by adding eight levels of elemental sulfur (S) to the soil in a meadow steppe. We found that S-induced soil acidification strongly enhanced the ratio of fungi to bacteria (F:B) and microbial biomass C to N (MBC:MBN) and subsequently decreased the C:N imbalance between microbial biomass and their resources. The linear decrease in the C:N imbalance with decreasing soil pH implied a conversion from N limitation to C limitation. To cope with enhanced C versus N limitation, soil microbial communities regulated the relative production of enzymes by increasing the ratio of β-glucosidase (BG, C-acquiring enzyme) to leucine aminopeptidase (LAP, N-acquiring enzyme), even though both enzymatic activities decreased with S addition. Structural equation modeling (SEM) suggested that higher C limitation and C:N-acquiring enzyme stimulated microbial carbon-use efficiency (CUE), which counteracted the negative effect of metal stress (i.e., aluminum and manganese) under soil acidification. Overall, these results highlight the importance of stoichiometric controls in microbial adaption to soil acidification, which may help predict soil microbial responses to future acid deposition.

中文翻译:

在土壤酸化条件下,相对于氮限制,增强的碳获取和利用效率减轻了微生物碳

土壤微生物群落通过调整其元素获取和利用策略来应对资源的不均衡供应。尽管长期以来人们一直认为土壤pH值是微生物生长和群落组成的重要驱动力,但对于土壤酸化如何影响微生物对碳(C)和氮(N)的获取和利用知之甚少。为了缩小知识鸿沟,我们通过在草地草原上的土壤中添加八种元素硫(S)来模拟土壤酸化并创建pH梯度。我们发现,S诱导的土壤酸化作用大大增强了真菌与细菌的比例(F:B)和微生物生物量C与N的比率(MBC:MBN),从而减少了微生物生物量与其资源之间的C:N失衡。C的线性下降:随着土壤pH值的降低,氮素的不平衡意味着氮素含量从极限值向碳极限值的转化。为了应对增加的C与N限制,土壤微生物群落通过增加β-葡萄糖苷酶(BG,C吸收酶)与亮氨酸氨肽酶(LAP,N吸收酶)的比例来调节酶的相对产生,即使这两种酶都是S添加使活性降低。结构方程模型(SEM)表明,较高的碳限制和获取C:N的酶刺激了微生物的碳利用效率(CUE),这抵消了土壤酸化条件下金属胁迫(如铝和锰)的负面影响。总体而言,这些结果突出了化学计量控制在微生物对土壤酸化适应中的重要性,这可能有助于预测土壤微生物对未来酸沉降的反应。
更新日期:2021-05-17
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