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A small neighborhood well-organized: seasonal and daily activity patterns of the community of large and mid-sized mammals around waterholes in the Gobi Desert, Mongolia
Frontiers in Zoology ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-17 , DOI: 10.1186/s12983-021-00412-1
Battogtokh Nasanbat , Francisco Ceacero , Samiya Ravchig

Animal communities have complex patterns of ecological segregation at different levels according to food resources, habitats, behavior, and activity patterns. Understanding these patterns among the community is essential for the conservation of the whole ecosystem. However, these networks are difficult to study nowadays, due to anthropic disturbances and local extinctions, making it difficult to conclude if segregation patterns are natural or human-induced. We studied ecological segregation in a community of large and mid-sized mammals in the Great Gobi Desert, a remote arid area free from recent extinctions and human disturbances. Activity patterns of 10 sympatric mammal species were monitored around 6 waterholes through camera-trapping over a two-year period, and analyzed them primarily through circular statistics. Complex patterns of spatial, seasonal, and daily segregation were found. Overlap in seasonal activity was detected in only 3 of the 45 possible pairs of species. Four species used the waterholes all-year-round, while others peaked their activity during different periods. The Bactrian camel showed continuous daily activity, the grey wolf had bimodal activity, and the argali and Siberian ibex were diurnal, while the others had nocturnal peaks during different hours. Daily and spatial overlap were both detected in only 6 of the 45 pairs. Only one species pair (snow leopard and Eurasian lynx) showed an overlap at two levels: seasonal and daily. Climate and moon phase significantly affected the activity of certain species. Altogether, the results showed complex patterns of ecological segregation at different levels in the use of the key resource in arid environments: waterholes. These results are important for understanding the biology of these species under natural conditions, as well as potential changes in altered ecosystems, and may help to design conservation strategies.

中文翻译:

一个组织良好的小社区:蒙古戈壁沙漠水坑周围的大中型哺乳动物群落的季节性和日常活动模式

根据食物资源,栖息地,行为和活动方式,动物群落在不同层次上具有复杂的生态隔离模式。了解社区中的这些模式对于保护整个生态系统至关重要。但是,由于人为干扰和局部灭绝,这些网络如今很难研究,因此很难断定隔离模式是自然的还是人为的。我们在大戈壁沙漠的大中型哺乳动物群落中研究了生态隔离,大戈壁沙漠是一个偏远的干旱地区,没有最近的物种灭绝和人为干扰。在两年的时间里,通过照相诱捕技术在10个水坑周围监测了10种同伴哺乳动物的活动模式,并主要通过循环统计分析了它们。空间的复杂模式 发现季节性和日常隔离。在45种可能的物种对中,只有3种检测到季节性活动重叠。全年有四个物种使用水坑,而其他物种则在不同时期达到其活动高峰。双峰驼每天都有连续的活动,灰太狼具有双峰活动,而盘羊和西伯利亚高地山羊则是昼夜活动,而其他人则在不同时段出现夜间活动高峰。在45对中只有6对检测到每日和空间重叠。只有一对物种(雪豹和欧亚天猫座)在两个层次上表现出重叠:季节和日常。气候和月相严重影响了某些物种的活动。总之,结果表明,在干旱环境中使用关键资源:水坑,在不同层次上存在着复杂的生态隔离模式。
更新日期:2021-05-17
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