The cerebellum plays a critical regulatory role in motor coordination, cognition, behavior, language, memory, and learning, hence overseeing a multiplicity of functions. Cerebellar development begins during early embryonic development, lasting until the first postnatal years. Particularly, the greatest increase of its volume occurs during the third trimester of pregnancy, which represents a critical period for cerebellar maturation. Preterm birth and all the related prenatal and perinatal contingencies may determine both dysmaturative and lesional events, potentially involving the developing cerebellum, and contributing to the constellation of the neuropsychiatric outcomes with several implications in setting-up clinical follow-up and early intervention.

中文翻译：

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小脑和早产：破坏性事件和功能异常事件之间的复杂相互作用

小脑在运动协调，认知，行为，语言，记忆和学习中起着至关重要的调节作用，因此监督着多种功能。小脑发育始于早期胚胎发育，一直持续到产后第一年。特别地，其体积的最大增加发生在妊娠的晚期，这代表了小脑成熟的关键时期。早产以及所有相关的产前和围产期偶发事件可能会决定发育不全和病变事件，可能涉及发展中的小脑，并有助于神经精神疾病预后，对临床随访和早期干预有若干影响。