Antarctic ecosystem services are rich and diverse and include global climate modulation, biodiversity and habitat protection, cultural heritage, scientific knowledge, education and recreation as well as the extraction of marine living resources. However, environmental protection studies have rarely examined the full complement of Antarctic values recognized in the Antarctic Treaty or Antarctica’s other natural benefits as ecosystem services (ES). Moreover, the existing limited number of ES studies have focused primarily on the biophysical modeling of the service providing units, with little focus on evaluating the balance between Antarctica’s intrinsic vs. economic values (e.g., opportunity cost, payment for services and bequest), or societal perceptions on the Antarctic ES teleconnections with global issues. Here, we systematically identify the ES dimensions present in Antarctica through an expert elicitation combined with scientific literature review. We then map their spatial overlap and examine the existing trends of usage over the various stages of ES utilization in the continent. Lastly, we conduct a preliminary evaluation of the resulting trade-offs from their respective increased utilization. Our results show that Antarcticás ES are currently facing substantial challenges to remain sustainable. In marine ecosystems, fish and krill stock provisioning may put at risk the maintenance of habitats and biodiversity regulation. In turn, cultural values centered around terrestrial ecosystems, face a three-way conflict between the increasing demand for tourism opportunities, the region’s rich and diverse scientific interests and the vast wilderness and bequest values. To appropriately conserve Antarctic ES for future generations, we discuss how different ES framework tools could be developed and adapted to the Antarctic Treaty policy context.

南极生态系统服务丰富多样，包括全球气候调节，生物多样性和生境保护，文化遗产，科学知识，教育和娱乐以及海洋生物资源的提取。但是，环境保护研究很少检查《南极条约》或南极洲作为生态系统服务（ES）的其他自然利益所认可的南极价值观的完整补充。此外，现有的有限数量的ES研究主要集中在服务提供单位的生物物理模型上，而很少关注评估南极内在价值与经济价值（例如机会成本，服务付款和遗赠）之间的平衡，或者社会对南极ES远程连接与全球问题的看法。这里，我们通过专家鉴定与科学文献综述相结合，系统地确定了南极洲存在的ES维度。然后，我们绘制它们的空间重叠图，并检查该大陆在ES利用各个阶段的使用趋势。最后，我们对它们各自增加的利用率所产生的取舍进行了初步评估。我们的结果表明，南极ES目前要保持可持续性面临着严峻挑战。在海洋生态系统中，鱼类和磷虾的供应可能会威胁到栖息地的维护和生物多样性的监管。反过来，以陆地生态系统为中心的文化价值则面临着三方面的冲突，即对旅游机会的需求不断增加，该地区丰富而多样的科学兴趣以及广阔的荒野和遗赠价值。为了适当地为后代保护南极ES，我们讨论了如何开发和适应南极条约政策环境的不同ES框架工具。