Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental persistent chemicals, produced by the incomplete combustion of solid fuels, found in smoke. PAHs are considered carcinogenic, teratogenic, and genotoxic. Children are susceptible to environmental pollutants, particularly those living in high-exposure settings. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the exposure to PAHs through hydroxylated metabolites of PAHs (OH-PAHs), 1-hydroxynaphtalene (1-OH-NAP), and 2-hydroxynaphtalene (2-OH-NAP); 2-,3-, and 9-hydroxyfluorene (2-OH-FLU, 3-OH-FLU, 9-OH-FLU); 1-,2-,3-, and 4-hydroxyphenanthrene (1-OH-PHE, 2-OH-PHE, 3-OH-PHE, 4-OH-PHE); and 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OH-PYR), as well as kidney health through biomarkers of early kidney damage (osteopontin (OPN), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), α1-microglobulin (α1-MG), and cystatin C (Cys-C)) in children from an indigenous community dedicated to footwear manufacturing and pottery in Ticul, Yucatán, Mexico. The results show a high exposure to PAHs from the found concentrations of OH-PAHs in urine in 80.5% of the children in median concentrations of 18.4 (5.1-71.0) μg/L of total OH-PAHs, as well as concentrations of kidney damage proteins in 100% of the study population in concentrations of 4.8 (3-12.2) and 7.9 (6.5-13.7) μg/g creatinine of NGAL and Cys-C respectively, and 97.5% of the population with concentrations of OPN and α1-MG at mean concentrations of 207.3 (119.8-399.8) and 92.2 (68.5-165.5) μg/g creatinine. The information provided should be considered and addressed by the health authorities to establish continuous biomonitoring and programs to reduce para-occupational exposure in the vulnerable population, particularly children, based on their fundamental human right to health.

多环芳烃 (PAH) 是环境持久性化学品，由固体燃料不完全燃烧产生，存在于烟雾中。PAH 被认为具有致癌性、致畸性和遗传毒性。儿童容易受到环境污染物的影响，尤其是生活在高暴露环境中的儿童。因此，本研究的主要目的是评估 PAHs (OH-PAHs)、1-羟基萘 (1-OH-NAP) 和 2-羟基萘 (2-OH-NAP) 的羟基化代谢物对 PAHs 的暴露；2-、3-和 9-羟基芴（2-OH-FLU、3-OH-FLU、9-OH-FLU）；1-,2-,3-和4-羟基菲（1-OH-PHE、2-OH-PHE、3-OH-PHE、4-OH-PHE）；和 1-羟基芘 (1-OH-PYR)，以及通过早期肾脏损伤的生物标志物（骨桥蛋白 (OPN)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白 (NGAL)、α1-微球蛋白 (α1-MG)，和半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂 C (Cys-C)）来自墨西哥尤卡坦州蒂库尔的一个致力于鞋类制造和陶器的土著社区的儿童。结果表明，80.5% 的儿童尿液中的 OH-PAHs 浓度中值浓度为 18.4 (5.1-71.0) μg/L 的总 OH-PAHs 浓度，以及肾脏损伤浓度NGAL 和 Cys-C 肌酐浓度分别为 4.8 (3-12.2) 和 7.9 (6.5-13.7) μg/g 的 100% 研究人群中的蛋白质，以及 97.5% 人群中 OPN 和 α1-MG 的浓度平均浓度为 207.3 (119.8-399.8) 和 92.2 (68.5-165.5) μg/g 肌酐。