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A review of current physical techniques for dispersion of cellulose nanomaterials in polymer matrices
Reviews on Advanced Materials Science ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-01 , DOI: 10.1515/rams-2021-0023
Saptaparni Chanda 1 , Dilpreet S. Bajwa 1
Affiliation  

Cellulose nanomaterials (CNMs) naturally exist in biomass. Recent developments in nanotechnology and extraction procedure of CNMs open up a new era in the polymer composites industry. Abundant, renewable, biodegradable, transparent, light weight, and most importantly, low cost make CNMs the ideal material for packaging, automotive, construction, and infrastructure applications. CNMs are generally used as materials for polymer matrix reinforcement in the composites industry. The industrial-scale manufacturing of CNM/thermoplastic composites remains an unsolved puzzle for both academics and industries. The dispersion of nanocellulose in polymer matrix is the central problem inhibiting the manufacturing of CNM/polymer composites at an industrial scale. Several attempts were made to disperse nanocellulose effectively in a polymer matrix and improve compatibility between the matrix and CNMs. Chemical-aided surface modification of CNMs has been effective in several cases; however, chemical toxicity, high price, and critical control of reactions make them unsuitable. This current review paper focuses on novel eco-friendly physical dispersion techniques of CNMs and their future scope of research. The physical dispersion techniques such as plasma-induced surface modification, ultrasonication, magnetic and electric field discharge, electrospinning, or drawing can visibly improve the dispersion state of CNMs. But several factors affect physical techniques’ performance, e.g. CNM type and forms, process conditions and parameters, etc. Moreover, the material-related factors interplay with the process-related factors. This review addresses the current state of knowledge on the physical dispersion techniques for CNMs and identifies challenges that are critical to adoption of these novel materials at commercial scale for future applications.

中文翻译:

纤维素纳米材料在聚合物基质中分散的当前物理技术综述

纤维素纳米材料(CNM)自然存在于生物质中。纳米技术和CNM提取工艺的最新发展开启了聚合物复合材料产业的新纪元。丰富,可再生,可生物降解,透明,重量轻,最重要的是,低成本使CNM成为包装,汽车,建筑和基础设施应用的理想材料。在复合材料工业中,CNM通常用作增强聚合物基体的材料。CNM /热塑性复合材料的工业规模制造仍然是学术界和工业界尚未解决的难题。纳米纤维素在聚合物基质中的分散是在工业规模上抑制CNM /聚合物复合材料制造的主要问题。为了将纳米纤维素有效地分散在聚合物基质中并改善基质与CNM之间的相容性,进行了数种尝试。CNM的化学辅助表面改性在几种情况下是有效的。但是,化学毒性,高昂的价格以及对反应的严格控制使其不适合使用。当前的这篇综述论文集中在新型的CNMs环保分散物理分散技术及其未来的研究范围。诸如等离子体诱导的表面改性,超声处理,磁场和电场放电,静电纺丝或拉伸等物理分散技术可以明显改善CNM的分散状态。但是有几个因素会影响物理技术的性能,例如CNM的类型和形式,工艺条件和参数等。此外,物质相关因素与过程相关因素相互作用。这篇综述阐述了有关CNM物理分散技术的当前知识水平,并确定了对于将这些新型材料以商业规模用于未来应用至关重要的挑战。
更新日期:2021-01-01
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