The translucent appearance of the conjunctiva allows for immediate visualization of changes in the circulation of the conjunctival microvasculature consisting of extensive branching of superficial and deep arterial systems and corresponding drainage pathways, and the translucent appearance of the conjunctiva allows for immediate visualization of changes in the circulation. Conjunctival hyperemia is caused by a pathological vasodilatory response of the microvasculature in response to inflammation due to a myriad of infectious and non-infectious etiologies. It is one of the most common contributors of ocular complaints that prompts visits to medical centers. Our understanding of these neurogenic and immune-mediated pathways has progressed over time and has played a critical role in developing targeted novel therapies. Due to a multitude of underlying etiologies, patients must be accurately diagnosed for efficacious management of conjunctival hyperemia. The diagnostic techniques used for the grading of conjunctival hyperemia have also evolved from descriptive and subjective grading scales to more reliable computer-based objective grading scales.

结膜的半透明外观允许立即可视化结膜微血管循环的变化，包括浅部和深部动脉系统的广泛分支和相应的引流通路，结膜的半透明外观允许立即可视化循环的变化. 结膜充血是由微血管系统对多种感染性和非感染性病因引起的炎症反应的病理性血管舒张反应引起的。它是促使就诊医疗中心的眼部不适的最常见原因之一。随着时间的推移，我们对这些神经源性和免疫介导途径的理解不断发展，并在开发靶向新疗法方面发挥了关键作用。由于多种潜在病因，必须准确诊断患者才能有效控制结膜充血。用于结膜充血分级的诊断技术也从描述性和主观分级量表发展为更可靠的基于计算机的客观分级量表。