Perinatal brain injury is a significant cause of adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. The objective of this systematic review was to identify patterns of altered brain function, quantified using functional connectivity (FC) changes in resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) data, that were associated with motor and language outcomes in individuals with a history of perinatal brain injury. A systematic search using electronic databases was conducted to identify relevant studies. A total of 10 studies were included in the systematic review, representing 260 individuals with a history of perinatal brain injury. Motor and language outcomes were measured at time points ranging from 4 months to 29 years 1 month. Relations between FC and motor measures revealed increased intra-hemispheric FC, reduced inter-hemispheric FC and impaired lateralization of motor-related brain regions associated with motor outcomes. Altered FC within sensorimotor, visual, cerebellum and frontoparietal networks, and between sensorimotor, visual, auditory and higher-order networks, including cerebellum, frontoparietal, default-mode, salience, self-referential and attentional networks were also associated with motor outcomes. In studies assessing the relationship between rs-fMRI and language outcome, reduced intra-hemispheric FC, increased inter-hemispheric FC and right-hemisphere lateralization of language-related brain regions correlated with language outcomes. Evidence from this systematic review suggests a possible association between diaschisis and motor and language impairments in individuals after perinatal brain lesions. These findings support the need to explore the contributions of additional brain regions functionally connected but remote from the primary lesioned brain area for targeted treatments and appropriate intervention, though more studies with increased standardization across neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental assessments are needed.

围产期脑损伤是不良神经发育结果的重要原因。本系统评价的目的是确定大脑功能改变的模式，使用静息状态 fMRI (rs-fMRI) 数据中的功能连接 (FC) 变化进行量化，这些变化与有围产期病史的个体的运动和语言结果相关。脑损伤。使用电子数据库进行系统搜索以识别相关研究。系统评价共纳入 10 项研究，代表 260 名有围产期脑损伤病史的个体。在 4 个月至 29 年 1 个月的时间点测量运动和语言结果。FC 和运动测量之间的关系显示半球内 FC 增加，减少半球间 FC 和与运动结果相关的运动相关大脑区域的侧化受损。感觉运动、视觉、小脑和额顶网络内以及感觉运动、视觉、听觉和高阶网络（包括小脑、额顶、默认模式、显着性、自我参照和注意网络）之间的 FC 改变也与运动结果相关。在评估 rs-fMRI 与语言结果之间关系的研究中，与语言结果相关的语言相关大脑区域的半球内 FC 减少、半球间 FC 增加和右半球侧化。来自该系统评价的证据表明，围产期脑损伤后个体的肢体分离与运动和语言障碍之间可能存在关联。