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Differentiated routes to vulnerability: Marital status, children, gender and poverty
Advances in Life Course Research ( IF 5.548 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-15 , DOI: 10.1016/j.alcr.2021.100418
Anat Herbst-Debby 1 , Miri Endeweld 2 , Amit Kaplan 3
Affiliation  

This study compares poverty risks between two types of transition involving family status, which the life course perspective considers risky events: divorce and widowhood. The case study is Israeli society, characterized by high fertility rates and a high risk of poverty. The study examines the relationship between marriage dissolution and the risk of poverty, distinguishing between divorce and widowhood, and how they are affected by the intersection of gender and number of children in the household. Based on unique administrative panel data, we studied all women and men in Israel, aged 18–60 in 2003, who married in 2003 and were widowed or divorced by 2015, as well as a random sample of 20 % of all women and men in Israel who married in 2003 and remained married until 2015. Fixed effects models calculated the probability of women and men becoming poor. Results revealed a gendered effect of entering into poverty that largely depends on how the marriage ended and the number of children in the household. Divorce increases poverty risks for women and decreases them for men. However, for both genders, the combination of divorce and more children at home increases poverty. In contrast, widowhood tends to increase poverty for men, but only for women does the poverty risk increase as the number of children rises. Findings are discussed in the context of high fertility rates, Israeli welfare policy and the economic vulnerability associated with parents’ childcare responsibilities.



中文翻译:

不同的易受伤害途径:婚姻状况、子女、性别和贫困

本研究比较了涉及家庭地位的两种转变类型之间的贫困风险,从生命历程的角度来看,这两种类型的转变被认为是风险事件:离婚和丧偶。案例研究是以色列社会,其特点是高生育率和高贫困风险。该研究调查了婚姻解除与贫困风险之间的关系,区分了离婚和守寡,以及它们如何受到性别和家庭中孩子数量的交叉影响。基于独特的行政面板数据,我们研究了 2003 年 18-60 岁、2003 年结婚、到 2015 年丧偶或离婚的以色列所有女性和男性,以及以色列所有女性和男性的 20% 的随机样本。 Israel 于 2003 年结婚并一直维持到 2015 年。固定效应模型计算了女性和男性变穷的概率。结果揭示了陷入贫困的性别影响,这在很大程度上取决于婚姻的结束方式和家庭中的孩子数量。离婚会增加女性的贫困风险并降低男性的贫困风险。然而,对于两性而言,离婚和家中更多孩子的结合加剧了贫困。相比之下,丧偶往往会增加男性的贫困,但只有女性的贫困风险会随着孩子数量的增加而增加。在高生育率、以色列福利政策和与父母的育儿责任相关的经济脆弱性的背景下讨论了调查结果。结果揭示了陷入贫困的性别影响,这在很大程度上取决于婚姻的结束方式和家庭中的孩子数量。离婚会增加女性的贫困风险并降低男性的贫困风险。然而,对于两性而言,离婚和家中更多孩子的结合加剧了贫困。相比之下,丧偶往往会增加男性的贫困,但只有女性的贫困风险会随着孩子数量的增加而增加。在高生育率、以色列福利政策和与父母的育儿责任相关的经济脆弱性的背景下讨论了调查结果。结果揭示了陷入贫困的性别影响,这在很大程度上取决于婚姻的结束方式和家庭中的孩子数量。离婚会增加女性的贫困风险并降低男性的贫困风险。然而,对于两性而言,离婚和家中更多孩子的结合加剧了贫困。相比之下,丧偶往往会增加男性的贫困,但只有女性的贫困风险会随着孩子数量的增加而增加。在高生育率、以色列福利政策和与父母的育儿责任相关的经济脆弱性的背景下讨论了调查结果。守寡往往会加剧男性的贫困,但只有女性的贫困风险会随着孩子数量的增加而增加。在高生育率、以色列福利政策和与父母的育儿责任相关的经济脆弱性的背景下讨论了调查结果。守寡往往会加剧男性的贫困,但只有女性的贫困风险会随着孩子数量的增加而增加。在高生育率、以色列福利政策和与父母的育儿责任相关的经济脆弱性的背景下讨论了调查结果。

更新日期:2021-05-15
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