Vaccine hesitancy has increased in the past few years, influenced by the socio-cultural differences, political populism, or concerns related to the effectiveness and safety of some vaccines, resulting a feeling of distrust. This feeling can become a barrier against the achievement of the immunity necessary to stop the expansion of COVID-19. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptance of the vaccine against COVID-19 in Spain, as well as to identify the factors that have an influence on the concerns and attitudes of people against accepting the vaccine in the months prior to the start of vaccination on December 2020. An online questionnaire was created to obtain information about (1) sociodemographic characteristics; (2) concerns and sources of information about vaccines; and (3) attitudes about vaccination and state of health. A multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify the influencing factors. Of the 2501 participants, 1207 (48.3%) would accept the COVID-19 vaccine, 623 (24.9%) were hesitant, and 671 (26.8%) would reject it. The logistic regression showed that being male, older than 60, married, retired, with a high level of education, or with a leftist political inclination, could increase the probability of accepting the COVID-19 vaccine. Disinformation and the lack of political consensus were the main sources of distrust. The patients with hypertension, immunodepression, hypercholesterolemia, or respiratory disease, or were overweight, showed a greater acceptance to the vaccine, while those with cancer took the longest to accept it. A low acceptance of the vaccine against COVID-19 was observed among the Spanish population in the phase prior to its availability, and the main fears of the population were identified. It is necessary to offer correct and transparent information about these vaccines to reduce the concerns and increase the trust of the population, to thereby guarantee the success of the vaccination campaigns.

中文翻译：

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疫苗接种开始之前西班牙是否愿意针对COVID-19进行疫苗接种：一项跨部门研究

过去几年中，由于社会文化差异，政治民粹主义或与某些疫苗的有效性和安全性有关的担忧，疫苗的犹豫性有所增加，从而产生了不信任感。这种感觉可能成为阻碍获得阻止COVID-19扩增所需的免疫力的障碍。这项研究的目的是评估西班牙针对COVID-19的疫苗的接受程度，并确定影响人们在开始使用疫苗前几个月内反对接受疫苗的关注和态度的因素。 2020年12月进行了预防接种。创建了在线问卷，以获取有关（1）社会人口统计学特征的信息；（2）有关疫苗的关注点和信息来源；（3）对疫苗接种和健康状况的态度。进行多元logistic回归以确定影响因素。在2501名参与者中，有1207名（48.3％）会接受COVID-19疫苗，有623名（24.9％）犹豫，而有671名（26.8％）会拒绝。Logistic回归显示，男性，60岁以上，已婚，退休，受过较高的教育水平或左倾的政治倾向，可能会增加接受COVID-19疫苗的可能性。虚假信息和缺乏政治共识是不信任的主要根源。患有高血压，免疫抑制，高胆固醇血症或呼吸系统疾病或超重的患者对疫苗的接受程度更高，而癌症患者接受该疫苗的时间最长。在西班牙人群中，在获得抗COVID-19疫苗之前，人们对该疫苗的接受程度很低，并且确定了对该人群的主要担忧。必须提供有关这些疫苗的正确和透明的信息，以减少担忧并增加人们的信任度，从而保证疫苗接种运动的成功。