This paper investigates seismically induced circumferential forces and bending moment of tunnel linings using a series of large shaking table tests and numerical analyses. In this regard, a scaled-down tunnel, embedded in two different depths of sandy soil, was tested under different frequencies of input motion. Then, dynamic finite difference analyses, first verified using the results of the performed large scale shaking table tests, were conducted to study the effects of depth ratio (h/a; h: depth of tunnel centerline and a = radius of the tunnel), flexibility ratio (1.2, 10 and 110) and different frequencies of input motion, corresponding to the dimensionless periods (λ/D), on the mechanical behavior of the tunnel lining. The results indicated that, low frequencies of input motions for the tunnel with low flexibility ratio resulted in greater circumferential bending moment values of the tunnel lining. Furthermore, the tunnel depth and adjacent surface foundation intensified the bending moment, shear, and axial forces of the shallow tunnel by about 43 and 17% and did not affect the maximum bending moment and forces locations in the tunnel lining. It is, therefore, necessary to consider the effect of a surface foundation on tunnel lining when constructing shallow subway tunnels in urban areas.

本文通过一系列大型振动台试验和数值分析，研究了地震引起的隧道衬砌的周向力和弯矩。在这方面，在不同的输入运动频率下测试了一个嵌入两个不同深度的沙土中的按比例缩小的隧道。然后，首先使用所进行的大规模振动台试验的结果进行动力有限差分分析，以研究深度比（h / a； h：隧道中心线深度和a =隧道半径）的影响，柔性比（1.2、10和110）和不同频率的输入运动，对应于无衬砌周期（λ/ D），关系到隧道衬砌的机械性能。结果表明，具有低挠性比的隧道输入运动的低频导致隧道衬砌的较大周向弯矩值。此外，隧道深度和邻近地面基础使浅隧道的弯矩，剪切力和轴向力分别增加了约43％和17％，并且不影响最大弯矩和衬砌中的受力位置。因此，在城市地区建造浅型地铁隧道时，有必要考虑地基对隧道衬砌的影响。