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Ocean and atmosphere changes in the Caribbean Sea during the twenty-first century using CMIP5 models
Ocean Dynamics ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-14 , DOI: 10.1007/s10236-021-01462-z
David Francisco Bustos Usta , Rafael Ricardo Torres Parra

Coastal communities around the Caribbean Sea are vulnerable to global warming impacts, partly because of constraints on their adaptive capacity. We use three climate models provided by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) under two representative concentration pathways scenario (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) to assess the trends and spatial behavior of six atmospheric and ocean variables in the Caribbean Basin during the twenty-first century. Atmospheric results are reported from the model ensemble; however oceanic results are reported from ACCESS1.0 model, as its resolution captures mesoscale processes which are important for regional sea level projections. Surface atmospheric pressure and wind do not show significant trends. On the contrary, air and sea surface temperature, surface salinity, and mean sterodynamic sea level have coherent positive trends in the Caribbean Basin, which increase with a greater RCP scenario. Air temperature will probably increase by 2 °C over the preindustrial period during the century. Moreover, sea surface temperature is expected to rise between 1.92° and 3.01 °C in the 1976–2005 to 2071–2100 period. The Caribbean Sea warming will have the potential to extend the hurricane season, increase the frequency of tropical storms, and intensify coral bleaching events. In the same period, mean sterodynamic sea level is expected to rise in the basin between 32.53 and 43.25 cm, depending on the RCP scenario used. The strongest trend expected in 2005-2100 is 50.84 ± 1.48 cm cy1 under RCP8.5 scenario. Furthermore, the trends appear to accelerate since the last century in the basin. Besides, sterodynamic sea level rise would account for slightly over half of the total sea level rise in the Caribbean, after land-ice melting among other contributions not accounted by CMIP5 models are included. These trends have the potential to exacerbate flooding and erosion, putting at risk coastal areas, including low-elevation islands such as some in the San Andres and Providencia Archipelago.



中文翻译:

使用CMIP5模型,二十世纪加勒比海的海洋和大气变化

加勒比海周围的沿海社区容易受到全球变暖的影响,部分原因是其适应能力受到限制。在两个有代表性的集中路径情景(RCP4.5和RCP8.5)下,我们使用耦合模型比较项目第5阶段(CMIP5)提供的三种气候模型来评估加勒比海盆地6个大气和海洋变量在2000年期间的趋势和空间行为。二十一世纪。从模型集合中报告了大气结果;但是,据ACCESS1.0模型报告了海洋结果,因为其分辨率捕获了中尺度过程,这对于区域海平面的预测很重要。地表大气压和风没有显示出明显的趋势。相反,空气和海洋表面温度,表面盐度,加勒比海盆地的平均动能海平面和平均海平面变化具有连贯的积极趋势,随着RCP情景的增加,这种趋势会增加。在本世纪的前工业化时期,气温可能会上升2°C。此外,在1976–2005年至2071–2100年期间,海面温度预计将上升1.92°至3.01°C。加勒比海变暖将有可能延长飓风季节,增加热带风暴的发生频率,并加剧珊瑚白化事件。在同一时期,根据所使用的RCP情景,预计该盆地的平均动静海平面将在32.53至43.25厘米之间上升。预计2005-2100年的最强趋势为50.84±1.48厘米cy 在本世纪的前工业化时期,气温可能会上升2°C。此外,在1976–2005年至2071–2100年期间,海面温度预计将上升1.92°至3.01°C。加勒比海变暖将有可能延长飓风季节,增加热带风暴的发生频率,并加剧珊瑚白化事件。在同一时期,根据所使用的RCP情景,预计该盆地的平均动静海平面将在32.53至43.25厘米之间上升。预计2005-2100年的最强趋势为50.84±1.48厘米cy 在本世纪的前工业化时期,气温可能会上升2°C。此外,在1976–2005年至2071–2100年期间,海面温度预计将上升1.92°至3.01°C。加勒比海变暖将有可能延长飓风季节,增加热带风暴的发生频率,并加剧珊瑚白化事件。在同一时期,根据所使用的RCP情景,预计该盆地的平均动静海平面将在32.53至43.25厘米之间上升。预计2005-2100年的最强趋势为50.84±1.48厘米cy 增加热带风暴的发生频率,并加剧珊瑚白化事件。在同一时期,根据所使用的RCP情景,预计该盆地的平均动静海平面将在32.53至43.25厘米之间上升。预计2005-2100年的最强趋势为50.84±1.48厘米cy 增加热带风暴的发生频率,并加剧珊瑚白化事件。在同一时期,根据所使用的RCP情景,预计该盆地的平均动静海平面将在32.53至43.25厘米之间上升。预计2005-2100年的最强趋势为50.84±1.48厘米cy RCP8.5场景下为1。此外,自上世纪以来,流域的趋势似乎正在加速。此外,在包括CMIP5模型未解释的其他贡献在内的陆地冰融化之后,在加勒比海中,基于动力的海平面上升将占总海平面上升的一半以上。这些趋势有可能加剧洪水和侵蚀,使沿海地区处于危险之中,包括低海拔岛屿,例如圣安德列斯和普罗维登西亚群岛的一些岛屿。

更新日期:2021-05-15
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