The objective of this study was to evaluate the anatomical and chemical components of the bark of Stryphnodendron rotundifolium, a tree species from the Brazilian Cerrado, aiming to provide information that values its use as a source of polyphenols and natural antioxidants for various industry sectors. Anatomy and bark histochemistry were analyzed, as well as the summative chemical composition (extractive, lignin, suberin, ash and polysaccharide) and quantitative elemental analysis of bark. The bark extracts were quantified for phenolic composition and antioxidant activity. The results indicated that the bark is formed by conducting phloem, nonconducting phloem and rhytidome composed of two or more successive periderms. The average chemical composition of the bark was 50.2% total extractives, 28.2% total lignin, 1.3% suberin, 1.9 ash and 18.4% polysaccharides. The ethanol–water extract had a high content of flavonoids and condensed tannins, with 232.1 and 501.3 mg EC g⁻¹ extract, respectively. The bark extract showed strong antioxidant activity, reaching 89.4% inhibition of DPPH free radicals, superior to the commercial antioxidant BHT, which inhibited 76.4% at the same concentration. These results show that S. rotundifolium bark is a potential natural source of phenolic compounds and antioxidants and can be used for medicinal purposes and to compose various products such as wood adhesives, cosmetics and foams. The extraction of these compounds will represent an important valorization of bark from this species and, therefore, contribute to economic and environmental valorization of the Cerrado.

这项研究的目的是评估圆头五味子树皮的解剖和化学成分是一种来自巴西Cerrado的树种，旨在提供有价值的信息，以重视其作为多酚和天然抗氧化剂在各种工业领域中的来源。分析了解剖学和树皮的组织化学，以及总化学成分（提取物，木质素，木栓质，灰分和多糖）和树皮的定量元素分析。对树皮提取物的酚类成分和抗氧化活性进行定量。结果表明，树皮是由导电韧皮部，不导电韧皮部和由两个或多个连续的皮层组成的节律形成的。树皮的平均化学成分为50.2％的总提取物，28.2％的总木质素，1.3％的木栓质，1.9灰分和18.4％的多糖。乙醇-水提取物中的类黄酮和单宁含量很高，分别为232.1和501.3 mg EC g^-1提取物。树皮提取物显示出强大的抗氧化活性，对DPPH自由基的抑制作用达到89.4％，优于商业抗氧化剂BHT，后者在相同浓度下的抑制率为76.4％。这些结果表明，S。rotundifolium树皮是酚类化合物和抗氧化剂的潜在天然来源，可用于药用目的，并可制成各种产品，如木材粘合剂，化妆品和泡沫。从这些物种中提取这些化合物将代表重要的树皮增值，因此，有助于塞拉多的经济和环境增值。