Evaluating the spatiotemporal patterns of carbon dynamics is critical for both understanding the role of forest ecosystems in the carbon cycle and developing effective forest policies to mitigate the impacts of climate change. This study analyzes the effects of spatiotemporal changes on carbon dynamics based on landscape structure for the Hisar Planning Unit, Turkey, using forest inventory data between 1973 and 2015. The total carbon stock increased from 1434.49 Gg in 1973 to 1919.37 Gg in 2015, an increase of 33.8%. The mean annual carbon storage was 11.54 Gg · year⁻¹, including 4.28 Gg · year⁻¹ in biomass and 7.26 Gg · year⁻¹ in soil over four decades. The most significant carbon pool in the total carbon stock was from the soil, with 71.6%, 70.7%, and 69.4% of the total carbon storage in 1973, 1998, and 2015, respectively. Pure pine stands, overmature development stages, fully covered stands, and older forests were the prevailing factors affecting carbon density. The conversion from degraded (1442.47 ha, 14.85%), coppice (157.04 ha, 3.9%), and non-forest lands (1412.91 ha, 5.2%) to productive forests with afforestation or restoration activities significantly boosted the total carbon storage. Furthermore, increasing awareness and stewardship in forest management coupled with improved economic well-being reduced the pressure on the forests, leading to an increase in the quality of forest structure. These changes in landscape structure resulted in the heterogeneous distribution of carbon dynamics. In conclusion, understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of carbon dynamics is crucial for both forest managers and policy-makers in developing sustainable forest management practices and climate mitigation strategies for ecological sustainability and climate-smart forestry. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:209–223. © 2021 SETAC

中文翻译：

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森林生态系统碳动态的时空格局和驱动因素：来自土耳其的案例研究

评估碳动态的时空模式对于了解森林生态系统在碳循环中的作用和制定有效的森林政策以减轻气候变化的影响都至关重要。本研究使用 1973 年至 2015 年间的森林清单数据，分析了土耳其希萨尔规划部门基于景观结构的时空变化对碳动态的影响。总碳储量从 1973 年的 1434.49 Gg 增加到 2015 年的 1919.37 Gg，增加了33.8%。年平均碳储量为 11.54 Gg · year ^-1，其中生物量为 4.28 Gg · year ^-1和 7.26 Gg · year ^-1在土壤中超过四个十年。总碳储量中最显着的碳库来自土壤，分别在 1973 年、1998 年和 2015 年占总碳储量的 71.6%、70.7% 和 69.4%。纯松林、过成熟的发育阶段、完全覆盖的林分和较老的森林是影响碳密度的主要因素。从退化（1442.47 公顷，14.85%）、矮林（157.04 公顷，3.9%）和非林地（1412.91 公顷，5.2%）转变为具有造林或恢复活动的生产性森林显着提高了总碳储量。此外，提高森林管理意识和管理能力，以及改善经济状况，减轻了对森林的压力，从而提高了森林结构的质量。这些景观结构的变化导致了碳动态的不均匀分布。总之，了解碳动态的时空模式对于森林管理者和决策者在制定可持续森林管理实践和气候减缓战略以实现生态可持续性和气候智能型林业至关重要。2022 年整合环境评估管理；18:209–223。© 2021 SETAC