Background and Purpose Virus mitigation strategies such as adhering to stay-at-home orders, practicing social distancing, and engaging in personal protective behaviors are central to slowing the spread of COVID-19. This population-based cohort study sought to identify sociodemographic characteristics and Health Belief Model factors that are associated with nonadherence to COVID-19 mitigation strategies with the goal of informing public health messaging campaigns. Methods An online population-based survey was distributed via social media over an 8-week period from April 13, 2020, to June 8, 2020. Results Data were derived from 2,222 adults (57% female; 40% racial/ethnic minorities). Univariate analyses revealed that men, younger aged (18–30 years) and unmarried adults, and noncollege educated individuals had lower levels of perceived threat, control, and knowledge about COVID-19 (p ≤ .001). Multivariable linear regression models further revealed that male gender was significantly associated with reporting lower levels of adherence to COVID-19 mitigation strategies (p < .001), and that higher levels of perceived threat, perceived control, and knowledge about how to keep oneself and others safe from COVID-19 were significantly associated with reporting higher levels of adherence to COVID-19 mitigation strategies (p < .01). Conclusions Findings suggest that public health appeals that target men, emphasize individual risk, and provide clear, consistent guidance on what individuals can do to decrease their risk for COVID-19 may be effective in motivating increased mitigation adherence.

中文翻译：

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与美国不遵守 COVID-19 缓解策略相关的社会人口和健康信念模型因素

背景和目的 病毒缓解策略，例如遵守居家令、保持社交距离和从事个人防护行为，对于减缓 COVID-19 的传播至关重要。这项基于人群的队列研究旨在确定与不遵守 COVID-19 缓解策略相关的社会人口特征和健康信念模型因素，目的是为公共卫生信息宣传活动提供信息。方法 在 2020 年 4 月 13 日至 2020 年 6 月 8 日的 8 周内，通过社交媒体发布了一项基于人群的在线调查。结果数据来自 2,222 名成年人（57% 为女性；40% 为少数族裔）。单变量分析显示，男性、年轻（18-30 岁）和未婚成年人以及未受过大学教育的人感知到的威胁水平较低，控制和有关 COVID-19 的知识 (p ≤ .001)。多变量线性回归模型进一步显示，男性与报告较低水平的 COVID-19 缓解策略依从性显着相关（p < .001），以及较高水平的感知威胁、感知控制和关于如何保持自我的知识和其他对 COVID-19 安全的人与报告更高水平的 COVID-19 缓解策略依从性显着相关（p < .01）。结论 调查结果表明，针对男性、强调个人风险并就个人可以采取哪些措施降低 COVID-19 风险提供明确、一致的指导的公共卫生诉求可能有效促进缓解措施的依从性。多变量线性回归模型进一步显示，男性与报告较低水平的 COVID-19 缓解策略依从性显着相关（p < .001），以及较高水平的感知威胁、感知控制和关于如何保持自我的知识和其他对 COVID-19 安全的人与报告更高水平的 COVID-19 缓解策略依从性显着相关（p < .01）。结论 调查结果表明，针对男性、强调个人风险并就个人可以采取哪些措施降低 COVID-19 风险提供明确、一致的指导的公共卫生诉求可能有效促进缓解依从性。多变量线性回归模型进一步显示，男性与报告较低水平的 COVID-19 缓解策略依从性显着相关（p < .001），以及较高水平的感知威胁、感知控制和关于如何保持自我的知识和其他对 COVID-19 安全的人与报告更高水平的 COVID-19 缓解策略依从性显着相关（p < .01）。结论 调查结果表明，针对男性、强调个人风险并就个人可以采取哪些措施降低 COVID-19 风险提供明确、一致的指导的公共卫生诉求可能有效促进缓解措施的依从性。001)，并且更高水平的感知威胁、感知控制和关于如何保护自己和他人免受 COVID-19 伤害的知识与报告更高水平的 COVID-19 缓解策略依从性显着相关 (p < .01) . 结论 调查结果表明，针对男性、强调个人风险并就个人可以采取哪些措施降低 COVID-19 风险提供明确、一致的指导的公共卫生诉求可能有效促进缓解依从性。001)，并且更高水平的感知威胁、感知控制和关于如何保护自己和他人免受 COVID-19 伤害的知识与报告更高水平的 COVID-19 缓解策略依从性显着相关 (p < .01) . 结论 调查结果表明，针对男性、强调个人风险并就个人可以采取哪些措施降低 COVID-19 风险提供明确、一致的指导的公共卫生诉求可能有效促进缓解措施的依从性。