Background Black adults in the U.S. experience significant health disparities related to tobacco use and obesity. Conducting observational studies of the associations between smoking and other health behaviors and indicators among Black adults may contribute to the development of tailored interventions. Purpose We examined associations between change in cigarette smoking and alcohol use, body mass index, eating behavior, perceived stress, and self-rated health in a cohort of Black adults who resided in low-income urban neighborhoods and participated in an ongoing longitudinal study. Methods Interviews were conducted in 2011, 2014, and 2018; participants (N = 904) provided at least two waves of data. We fit linear and logistic mixed-effects models to evaluate how changes in smoking status from the previous wave to the subsequent wave were related to each outcome at that subsequent wave. Results Compared to repeated smoking (smoking at previous and subsequent wave), repeated nonsmoking (nonsmoking at previous and subsequent wave) was associated with greater likelihood of recent dieting (OR = 1.59, 95% CI [1.13, 2.23], p = .007) and future intention (OR = 2.19, 95% CI [1.61, 2.98], p < .001) and self-efficacy (OR = 1.64, 95% CI [1.21, 2.23], p = .002) to eat low calorie foods, and greater odds of excellent or very good self-rated health (OR = 2.47, 95% CI [1.53, 3.99], p < .001). Transitioning from smoking to nonsmoking was associated with greater self-efficacy to eat low calorie foods (OR = 1.89, 95% CI [1.1, 3.26], p = .021), and lower perceived stress (β = −0.69, 95% CI [−1.34, −0.05], p = .036). Conclusions We found significant longitudinal associations between smoking behavior and eating behavior, perceived stress, and self-rated health. These findings have implications for the development of multiple behavior change programs and community-level interventions and policies.

中文翻译：

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低收入黑人成年人群中吸烟和饮酒、饮食行为、感知压力和自评健康之间的纵向关联

背景 美国的黑人成年人在烟草使用和肥胖方面存在显着的健康差异。对黑人成年人吸烟与其他健康行为和指标之间的关联进行观察性研究可能有助于制定量身定制的干预措施。目的 我们在一组居住在低收入城市社区并参与正在进行的纵向研究的黑人成年人中，检查了吸烟和饮酒、体重指数、饮食行为、感知压力和自评健康之间的关系。方法分别于2011年、2014年、2018年进行访谈；参与者 (N = 904) 提供了至少两波数据。我们拟合了线性和逻辑混合效应模型，以评估从前一波到下一波吸烟状态的变化如何与下一波的每个结果相关。结果 与反复吸烟（在前一波和下一波吸烟）相比，重复不吸烟（在前一波和下一波不吸烟）与近期节食的可能性更大（OR = 1.59, 95% CI [1.13, 2.23], p = .007 ) 和未来意图 (OR = 2.19, 95% CI [1.61, 2.98], p < .001) 和自我效能 (OR = 1.64, 95% CI [1.21, 2.23], p = .002) 低吃卡路里食物，以及更好或非常好的自我评价健康的几率（OR = 2.47, 95% CI [1.53, 3.99], p < .001）。从吸烟到不吸烟与吃低热量食物的自我效能感更强有关（OR = 1.89, 95% CI [1.1, 3.26], p = .021），并降低感知压力（β = -0.69, 95% CI [-1.34, -0.05], p = .036）。结论 我们发现吸烟行为和饮食行为、感知压力和自评健康之间存在显着的纵向关联。这些发现对制定多种行为改变计划以及社区层面的干预措施和政策具有重要意义。