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Graffiti and crime in Belo Horizonte, Brazil: The broken promises of broken windows theory
Applied Geography ( IF 4.732 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-15 , DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeog.2021.102459
Alexandre Magno Alves Diniz , Mark C. Stafford

The landscape of Belo Horizonte, Brazil is heavily graffitied, especially in its downtown area. In preparation for hosting part of the games associated with the Federation International Football Association's (FIFA's) Confederations Cup of 2013 and World Cup of 2014, the local officials implemented a zero-tolerance policy toward graffiti and graffiti writers, seeking to beautify the city and reduce crime. The policy was inspired by broken windows theory, which associates physical disorder, including the presence of graffiti, with serious crimes. This paper examines this association and evaluates the effects of the zero-tolerance policy toward graffiti in downtown Belo Horizonte at three different times (2011, 2015, and 2017). Data on graffiti were collected during three fieldwork campaigns, and crime data came from official police records. Zero-inflated negative binominal regression was used to explore the association between graffiti and serious crime. The results were inconsistent with zero-tolerance policy expectations, as the number of graffiti tags has actually increased after the implementation of the policy, and there were no statistically significant associations between graffiti and serious crimes. Graffiti writers in Belo Horizonte are very selective of where and what they write, seeking areas where their tags can achieve greater visibility and longevity, adopting spatial behaviors contrary to that employed by criminals, who generally seek anonymity and invisibility.



中文翻译:

巴西贝洛哈里桑塔的涂鸦和犯罪:破窗理论的破灭承诺

巴西贝洛奥里藏特的风景严重涂鸦,尤其是在其市中心地区。为了准备举办与2013年联合会国际足球联合会(FIFA)联合会杯和2014年世界杯相关的部分比赛,当地官员对涂鸦和涂鸦作家实施了零容忍政策,力求美化城市并减少涂鸦。犯罪。该政策的灵感来自破窗理论,该理论将包括涂鸦在内的身体不适与严重犯罪联系在一起。本文研究了这种关联,并评估了在三个不同时间(2011年,2015年和2017年)在贝洛奥里藏特市区对街道涂鸦实行零容忍政策的影响。有关涂鸦的数据是在三场野战中收集的,犯罪数据来自官方警察记录。零膨胀负二项式回归用于探讨涂鸦与严重犯罪之间的关系。结果与零容忍政策预期不一致,因为在实施该政策后涂鸦标记的数量实际上有所增加,并且涂鸦与严重犯罪之间在统计上没有显着关联。贝洛奥里藏特(Belo Horizo​​nte)的涂鸦作家对他们在哪里写的东西非常有选择性,他们寻求标签可以实现更大可见度和寿命的区域,采取与犯罪分子相反的空间行为,而犯罪分子通常寻求匿名和隐形。由于该政策实施后,涂鸦标签的数量实际上有所增加,并且涂鸦与严重犯罪之间在统计上没有显着关联。贝洛奥里藏特(Belo Horizo​​nte)的涂鸦作家对他们在哪里写的东西非常有选择性,他们寻求标签可以实现更大可见度和寿命的区域,采取与犯罪分子相反的空间行为,而犯罪分子通常寻求匿名和隐形。由于该政策实施后,涂鸦标签的数量实际上有所增加,并且涂鸦与严重犯罪之间在统计上没有显着关联。贝洛奥里藏特(Belo Horizo​​nte)的涂鸦作家对他们在哪里写的东西非常有选择性,他们寻求标签可以实现更大可见度和寿命的区域,采取与犯罪分子相反的空间行为,而犯罪分子通常寻求匿名和隐形。

更新日期:2021-05-15
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