In the 1930s and 1940s, the conservative newspaper industry argued that the First Amendment should shield them from New Deal economic regulations. This article uses these forgotten clashes about freedom of the press to provide a new history of the origins and trajectory of the anti-regulatory First Amendment. It shows that conservative newspaper attorneys were at the forefront of efforts to use civil liberties to protect their economic interests in the New Deal. But it argues that these efforts were only partially successful. The courts rejected these maximalist First Amendment claims, distinguishing between economic liberties and civil liberties. But maximalist claims were more successful in the political culture, where conservative newspapers helped legitimize a belief that a laissez-faire “marketplace of ideas“ was a liberal principle with deep roots in the past. The origins of First Amendment Lochnerism thus lie not in judicial precedent, but in contestation in the political culture. A clearer understanding of the dynamics of this long-running effort to deploy civil liberties claims for conservative purposes, the article concludes, will help us better navigate the contemporary crises of the First Amendment.

中文翻译：

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保守派媒体和第一修正案洛克纳主义的两次世界大战起源

在 1930 年代和 1940 年代，保守的报业认为，第一修正案应该保护他们免受新政经济法规的影响。本文利用这些被遗忘的关于新闻自由的冲突，为反监管的第一修正案的起源和轨迹提供了一个新的历史。它表明，保守的报纸律师站在新政中利用公民自由保护其经济利益的最前沿。但它认为这些努力只取得了部分成功。法院驳回了这些最高主义的第一修正案主张，区分了经济自由和公民自由。但极端主义主张在政治文化中更为成功，保守派报纸帮助使一种信念合法化，即自由放任的“思想市场”是一种在过去有着深厚根基的自由主义原则。因此，第一修正案洛克纳主义的起源不在于司法判例，而在于政治文化的争论。文章总结说，更清楚地了解这项为保守目的部署公民自由主张的长期努力的动态，将有助于我们更好地应对第一修正案的当代危机。