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How do natural soil NH4+, NO3− and N2O interact in response to nitrogen input in different climatic zones? A global meta-analysis
European Journal of Soil Science ( IF 4.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-13 , DOI: 10.1111/ejss.13131
Xiang Zheng 1 , Qi Liu 1 , Xiaofang Ji 1 , Minmin Cao 1 , Yuefang Zhang 2 , Jiang Jiang 1
Affiliation  

The increase of fossil-fuel burning and nitrogen (N) fertilizer consumption continues to elevate global N deposition, leading to significant increases of soil NH4+ and NO3 concentrations, and thus N2O emissions. This is especially important for natural, unmanaged soils which are considered as areas that are sensitive to N input. However, uncertainties exist regarding the interactions of soil N2O emissions with soil NH4+ and NO3 concentrations in response to N input in different climatic regions, as well as their underlying potential mechanisms. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the responses of these three forms of N to external N input across global natural ecosystems, using data extracted from peer-reviewed studies. The results show that soil NO3 concentrations are increased to a much larger extent by N input in temperate regions (136%) compared to tropical (62%) and subtropical (54%) regions, whereas the increase of soil NH4+ concentrations by N input is much less than soil NO3 concentrations, at 20%, 26% and 28% in temperate, tropical and subtropical regions, respectively. The significantly larger increase in soil NO3 concentrations but slightly lower increase in soil NH4+ concentrations in temperate regions compared to other climatic zones may be ascribed to the dominant nitrification process in temperate areas, which promotes the conversion of NH4+ to NO3. Soil N2O emissions were increased to the greatest extent in subtropical regions (348%) in response to N input, followed by temperate regions (111%) and tropical regions (44%), which may be a result of the dominant denitrification process in subtropical regions, which promotes N2O production. It is likely that denitrification also dominates N2O production in tropical regions, but the dampened effect of N input on stimulating soil N2O emissions in these areas suggests that the loss of NO3 substrate due to intensive leaching might be an important issue. This study could provide a better understanding of the heterogeneous risks of soil N responses in different climatic zones in the context of increasing global N deposition.

中文翻译:

天然土壤 NH4+、NO3- 和 N2O 如何相互作用以响应不同气候带的氮输入?全球荟萃分析

化石燃料燃烧和氮 (N) 肥料消耗的增加继续增加全球氮沉积,导致土壤 NH 4 +和 NO 3 -浓度显着增加,从而导致 N 2 O 排放。这对于被视为对氮输入敏感的区域的自然、未管理的土壤尤其重要。然而,土壤 N 2 O 排放与土壤 NH 4 +和 NO 3 -之间的相互作用存在不确定性不同气候区氮输入响应的浓度及其潜在机制。在这里,我们使用从同行评审研究中提取的数据进行了一项荟萃分析,以研究这三种形式的氮对全球自然生态系统中外部氮输入的反应。结果表明,与热带 (62%) 和亚热带 (54%) 地区相比,温带地区 (136%) 的氮输入增加了土壤 NO 3 -浓度,而土壤 NH 4 +浓度的增加N 输入量远低于土壤 NO 3 -浓度,在温带、热带和亚热带地区分别为 20%、26% 和 28%。土壤 NO 显着增加3 -浓度,但与其他气候区相比,温带地区土壤NH 4 +浓度的增幅略低,这可能是由于温带地区主要的硝化过程促进了NH 4 +向NO 3 -的转化。亚热带地区(348%)对氮输入的响应最大程度地增加了土壤 N 2 O 排放,其次是温带地区(111%)和热带地区(44%),这可能是反硝化过程占主导地位的结果在亚热带地区,这促进了 N 2 O 的产生。很可能反硝化作用也支配着 N 2热带地区的 O 生产,但 N 输入对刺激这些地区土壤 N 2 O 排放的抑制作用表明,由于密集浸出导致的 NO 3 -底物损失可能是一个重要问题。这项研究可以更好地了解在全球氮沉降增加的背景下不同气候带土壤氮响应的异质风险。
更新日期:2021-05-13
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