Abstract—

Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy has a large impact on cancer treatment but the rate of positive treatment outcomes is 40–45% and depends on many factors. One of the factors affecting the outcome of immunotherapy is the gut microbiota composition. This effect has been demonstrated both in model objects and in clinical patients’ groups. However, in order to identify clear causal relationships between microbiota and anti-PD1 immunotherapy response, it is necessary to expand the number of patients and experimental samples. This work presents an analysis of metagenomic data obtained using whole-genome sequencing of stool samples from melanoma patients (n = 45) with different responses to anti-PD1 therapy. An analysis of the differential abundance of microbial species showed a difference in the composition of the microbiota between the experimental groups. Analysis of the experimental data showed a difference in the composition of the microbiota between the groups. Obtained results indicate a strong link between the composition of the gut microbiota and the outcome of anti-PD1 therapy. Expansion of similar research may help develop additional predictive tools for the outcome of anti-PD1 cancer immunotherapy, as well as increase its effectiveness.

中文翻译：

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肠道微生物组作为抗PD-1治疗成功的预测因子：元基因组数据分析

摘要—

抗PD-1免疫疗法对癌症的治疗有很大影响，但阳性治疗结果的发生率为40–45％，并取决于许多因素。影响免疫治疗结果的因素之一是肠道菌群组成。在模型对象和临床患者组中均已证明了这种效果。但是，为了确定微生物群和抗PD1免疫疗法反应之间的明确因果关系，有必要扩大患者和实验样品的数量。这项工作对使用黑色素瘤患者粪便样品的全基因组测序获得的宏基因组学数据进行了分析（n= 45）对抗PD1治疗的反应不同。对微生物物种丰富度差异的分析显示，实验组之间的微生物群落组成有所不同。对实验数据的分析表明，各组之间的微生物群组成存在差异。获得的结果表明，肠道菌群的组成与抗PD1治疗的结果之间有很强的联系。扩大类似研究的范围可能有助于为抗PD1癌症免疫疗法的结果开发其他预测工具，并提高其有效性。