Abstract

This paper explores gender-affirmative technologies in the contemporary Indian context, drawing on the findings of a qualitative study of medical practice across four Indian cities and an analysis of state documents. It examines terminological protocols and therapeutic crafting as aspects of human technologies that mobilize affects of distress and aspiration to facilitate belongingness to the universalized identity ‘transgender’, a crafting that also enacts an absorption of the hijra figure into the universal category transwoman. It links these technologies to community-building, emergence of behavioural categories and management of bodies and risk developing from the 1990s to the present in India. It explores the medical assemblage, including institutionalized healthcare and extended sites of expert authority, proposing a shift in reading of discrimination as strategies of containment and relocation of self-determination within state language and the clinic today.

摘要

本文利用对印度四个城市医疗实践的定性研究结果和对国家文件的分析，探讨了当代印度背景下的性别平权技术。它检查术语协议和治疗工艺作为人类技术的一个方面，这些技术调动了痛苦和渴望的影响，以促进对普遍身份“跨性别者”的归属感，这种工艺也体现了对回历的吸收人物进入普遍类别的变性人。它将这些技术与社区建设、行为类别的出现和身体管理以及印度从 1990 年代至今的发展联系起来。它探讨了医疗组合，包括制度化的医疗保健和专家权威的扩展站点，建议将歧视的解读转变为当今国家语言和诊所内遏制和重新定位自决权的策略。