Successful detection and prevention of brain injuries relies on the quantitative identification of cellular injury thresholds associated with the underlying pathology. Here, by combining a recently developed inertial microcavitation rheology technique with a 3D in vitro neural tissue model, we quantify and resolve the structural pathology and critical injury strain thresholds of neural cells occurring at high loading rates such as encountered in blast, cavitation or directed energy exposures. We found that neuronal dendritic spines characterized by MAP2 displayed the lowest physical failure strain at 7.3%, whereas microtubules and filamentous actin were able to tolerate appreciably higher strains (14%) prior to injury. Interestingly, while these critical injury thresholds were similar to previous literature values reported for moderate and lower strain rates (< 100 1/s), the pathology of primary injury reported here was distinctly different by being purely physical in nature as compared to biochemical activation during apoptosis or necrosis.

中文翻译：

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高速率机械负荷引起的神经细胞损伤病理

成功检测和预防脑损伤依赖于与潜在病理相关的细胞损伤阈值的定量识别。在这里，通过将最近开发的惯性微空化流变学技术与 3D 体外神经组织模型相结合，我们量化和解决了在高负载率下发生的神经细胞的结构病理和临界损伤应变阈值，例如遇到爆炸、空化或定向能量曝光。我们发现以 MAP2 为特征的神经元树突棘显示出最低的物理衰竭应变，为 7.3%，而微管和丝状肌动蛋白在受伤前能够耐受明显更高的应变 (14%)。有趣的是，