Contamination of the environment with lead (Pb) is of great concern because it is harmful to living organisms even at low concentrations. This work describes a reliable strategy for the effective removal of lead ions using polycarboxylic acid brushes on polystyrene–divinyl benzene (PS–DVB) microbeads. The synthesized material is demonstrated to be a viable sorbent for lead ion adsorption. The following parameters are examined to obtain the optimal sorption conditions: pH of 5, sorbent amount of 10 mg, contact time of 120 min, and sorption temperature of 25 °C. Under these conditions, the maximum removal efficiency and experimental adsorption capability are found to be >93% and 134 mg g⁻¹, respectively. Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic models best represent the adsorption process. It is evaluated that an exothermic and spontaneous adsorption mechanism occurs. The method's applicability is demonstrated with spike recovery experiments using real water samples. Overall, the results show that the synthesized material has high removal efficiency (>93%) against lead ions in a variety of water matrixes.

中文翻译：

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聚羧酸刷在聚苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯微珠上去除水中铅的应用

铅 (Pb) 对环境的污染备受关注，因为它即使在低浓度下也会对生物体有害。这项工作描述了使用聚羧酸刷在聚苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯 (PS-DVB) 微珠上有效去除铅离子的可靠策略。合成的材料被证明是一种可行的吸附铅离子的吸附剂。检查以下参数以获得最佳吸附条件：pH 为 5，吸附剂量为 10 mg，接触时间为 120 分钟，吸附温度为 25 °C。在这些条件下，发现最大去除效率和实验吸附能力 >93% 和 134 mg g ^-1， 分别。Langmuir 等温线和准二级动力学模型最能代表吸附过程。评估发生放热和自发吸附机制。通过使用真实水样的加标回收率实验证明了该方法的适用性。总体而言，结果表明合成材料对各种水基质中的铅离子具有高去除效率（> 93％）。