Forest areas, like other ecosystems, provide a range of ecosystem services. The most common classification of ecosystem services distinguishes them into four categories: provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural. As is well known, the two categories of services (provisioning and cultural) provide direct benefits to society. The paper focuses on a selected element of Cultural Ecosystem Services, namely recreation in forested areas.

The study aimed to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of recreational activities in forest areas in Poland using Volunteered Geographic Information data from the Flickr portal from 2010 to 2018. In addition, the influence of 48 variables, assigned to three groups of variables (tree stand; topographic-spatial; socio-economic), on the attractiveness of forest areas and their actual use was analysed.

In this paper, Boosted Regression Trees was used to identify the variables with the most significant influence on the use of forest spaces (photo availability). Five different model variants were developed based on the specified groups of variables. The results show that, depending on the explaining variables, the models are characterised by accuracy ranging from 0.63 (a model based on socio-economic variables) to 0.92 (a model constructed using all variables). The share of topographic-spatial variables in this model is 52.30%, of tree stand variables – 25.18%, and of demographic variables – 22.52%. The time distribution of activity shows that forest areas are most frequently visited during free time, on the weekends, and in the summer. The main factor contributing to this differentiation is leisure time availability, which is directly reflected in a more significant number of photos taken in the late afternoon and evening hours and on weekends and summer months. Analysis of the Flickr data distribution made it possible to identify areas with the highest recreational use intensity (conurbation, Forest Promotional Complexes, mountain areas).

Flickr data allowed partial inferences about the reason for the user's visit to the forest. Due to privacy restrictions, these data only allow a small part of the user to be identified. Information about the spatial and temporal distribution of recreational visitation is an important characteristic feature of Flickr data. Thus, data from the Flickr site can become a real tool for decision-makers who manage forest areas when making decisions regarding such places in the context of forest use for recreation and forest management. In order to discover the full preferences and expectations of society regarding the recreational function of forests, additional information is needed, such as that obtained from survey-type studies.

像其他生态系统一样，森林地区也提供了一系列的生态系统服务。生态系统服务的最常见分类将其分为四类：供应，调节，支持和文化。众所周知，服务的两大类（供应和文化）为社会带来直接好处。本文重点介绍文化生态系统服务的选定要素，即森林地区的休闲活动。

该研究旨在使用Flickr门户网站2010年至2018年的自愿地理信息数据来确定波兰森林地区休闲活动的时空分布。此外，将48个变量的影响分配给三组变量（林分） ；地形空间；社会经济），分析了林区的吸引力及其实际用途。

在本文中，使用增强回归树来确定对森林空间使用（照片可用性）影响最大的变量。根据指定的变量组开发了五种不同的模型变体。结果表明，根据解释变量的不同，模型的准确度范围从0.63（基于社会经济变量的模型）到0.92（使用所有变量构建的模型）。在该模型中，地形空间变量的份额为52.30％，林分变量的份额为25.18％，人口变量的份额为22.52％。活动的时间分布表明，在闲暇时间，周末和夏季访问森林区域最多。造成这种差异的主要因素是休闲时间的可用性，这直接反映在傍晚和傍晚以及周末和夏季所拍摄的大量照片中。通过对Flickr数据分布的分析，可以确定娱乐使用强度最高的地区（城市，森林促进综合体，山区）。

Flickr数据允许部分推断用户访问森林的原因。由于隐私限制，这些数据仅允许识别一小部分用户。有关休闲访问的时空分布的信息是Flickr数据的重要特征。因此，来自Flickr站点的数据可以成为管理森林区域的决策者的真正工具，他们可以在森林用于娱乐和森林管理的背景下做出有关此类区域的决策。为了发现社会对森林休闲功能的完全偏好和期望，需要更多信息，例如从调查类型研究中获得的信息。