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Exploring relationships between weather patterns and observed lightning activity for Britain and Ireland
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society ( IF 8.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-14 , DOI: 10.1002/qj.4099
Jonathan M. Wilkinson 1 , Robert Neal 1
Affiliation  

To understand the climatology of lightning affecting Britain and Ireland and to investigate the large-scale environments which produce lightning in this region, relationships between mean sea-level pressure (MSLP) patterns and thunderstorm occurrence are investigated. Using daily data between 2010 and 2019, instances of lightning activity are examined against a set of 30 pre-defined weather patterns based on MSLP. Metrics relating to thunder area, thunder intensity and duration are introduced and evaluated on the data set. The results show that in summer the largest and long-lived lightning outbreaks can be linked to three weather patterns. Two of these have strong southerly flow affecting the domain of study. The third is a low-pressure system centred over the UK with weak pressure gradient, which also produces larger lightning outbreaks during the autumn. In the wintertime, lightning outbreaks appear associated with deeper low-pressure systems, higher pressure gradients and strong winds in four dominant weather patterns. In spring, lightning occurs mostly in smaller systems and can be of multiple weather patterns. It is hypothesised that the weather pattern number is a good predictor of atmospheric instability. Cases where lightning activity does not match the expected behaviour for a given weather pattern are thought to be due to anomalies or variation in atmospheric instability. Several applications of this work are also discussed, including looking at thunder days over the study domain in past and future climate scenarios.

中文翻译:

探索英国和爱尔兰的天气模式与观测到的闪电活动之间的关系

为了了解影响英国和爱尔兰的闪电气候学并调查在该地区产生闪电的大尺度环境,研究了平均海平面压力 (MSLP) 模式与雷暴发生之间的关系。使用 2010 年至 2019 年之间的每日数据,根据基于 MSLP 的一组 30 个预定义天气模式检查闪电活动实例。在数据集上介绍和评估与雷区、雷强度和持续时间相关的指标。结果表明,夏季最大和持续时间最长的闪电爆发与三种天气模式有关。其中两个有强烈的南风影响研究领域。第三个是以英国为中心的低压系统,压力梯度较弱,这也会在秋季产生更大的闪电爆发。在冬季,闪电爆发似乎与更深的低压系统、更高的压力梯度和四种主要天气模式中的强风有关。在春季,闪电主要发生在较小的系统中,并且可能具有多种天气模式。假设天气模式数是大气不稳定的良好预测指标。闪电活动与给定天气模式的预期行为不匹配的情况被认为是由于大气不稳定性的异常或变化。还讨论了这项工作的几个应用,包括在过去和未来的气候情景中观察研究领域的雷日。四种主要天气模式中的更高压力梯度和强风。在春季,闪电主要发生在较小的系统中,并且可能具有多种天气模式。假设天气模式数是大气不稳定的良好预测指标。闪电活动与给定天气模式的预期行为不匹配的情况被认为是由于大气不稳定性的异常或变化。还讨论了这项工作的几个应用,包括在过去和未来的气候情景中观察研究领域的雷日。四种主要天气模式中的更高压力梯度和强风。在春季,闪电主要发生在较小的系统中,并且可能具有多种天气模式。假设天气模式数是大气不稳定的良好预测指标。闪电活动与给定天气模式的预期行为不匹配的情况被认为是由于大气不稳定性的异常或变化。还讨论了这项工作的几个应用,包括在过去和未来的气候情景中观察研究领域的雷日。闪电活动与给定天气模式的预期行为不匹配的情况被认为是由于大气不稳定性的异常或变化。还讨论了这项工作的几个应用,包括在过去和未来的气候情景中观察研究领域的雷日。闪电活动与给定天气模式的预期行为不匹配的情况被认为是由于大气不稳定性的异常或变化。还讨论了这项工作的几个应用,包括在过去和未来的气候情景中观察研究领域的雷日。
更新日期:2021-05-14
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