The conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water (GW-SW) resources has grown worldwide. Optimal conjunctive water use can be planned by coupling hydrologic models for the simulation of water systems with optimization techniques for improving management strategies. The coupling of simulation and optimization methods constitutes an effective approach to determine sustainable management strategies for the conjunctive use of these water resources; yet, there are challenges that must be addressed. This paper reviews (1) hydrologic models applied for the simulation of GW-SW interaction in the water resources systems, (2) conventional optimization methods, and (3) published works on optimized conjunctive GW-SW use by coupling simulation and optimization methods. This paper evaluates the pros and cons of GW-SW simulation tools and their applications, thus providing criteria for selecting simulation–optimization methods for GW-SW management. In addition, an assessment of GW-SW simulation–optimization tools applied in various studies over the world creates valuable knowledge for selecting suitable simulation–optimization tools in similar case studies for sustainable water resource management under multiple scenarios.

在世界范围内，对地下水和地表水（GW-SW）资源的联合利用正在增长。通过将用于模拟水系统的水文模型与用于改进管理策略的优化技术相结合，可以规划最佳的联合用水。模拟和优化方法的结合构成了一种有效的方法，可以确定这些水资源联合使用的可持续管理策略；但是，仍然有一些挑战必须解决。本文回顾了（1）用于模拟水资源系统中GW-SW相互作用的水文模型，（2）常规的优化方法，以及（3）通过模拟和优化方法的耦合发表了关于优化联合GW-SW使用的工作。本文评估了GW-SW仿真工具及其应用的优缺点，从而为选择用于GW-SW管理的仿真优化方法提供了标准。此外，对全球各种研究中使用的GW-SW模拟优化工具的评估，为在多种情况下可持续水资源管理的类似案例研究中选择合适的模拟优化工具创造了宝贵的知识。