Varroa destructor is the most common ectoparasite of the Western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) worldwide and poses a serious threat to bee health. Synthetic acaricides, particularly pyrethroids, are frequently used to control Varroa mites. However, long-term and repeated use of synthetic pyrethroids has led to the development of resistance. In this study, we report on the presence of resistance mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel in V. destructor populations from Turkish beekeeping areas. Two resistance mutations, L925V and L925I, that were previously associated with pyrethroid resistance, were found in more than 75% of the populations. A general correlation between the presence of mutations and the history of acaricide usage was observed for the sampled hives. In addition, we show there is only a low genetic distance among the sampled V. destructor populations, based on the analysis of three mitochondrial genes: cytochrome b (cytb), ATP synthase subunit 6 (atp6), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit III (cox3). Revealing the presence and geographical distribution of pyrethroid resistance mutations in V. destructor populations from Turkish apiaries will contribute to create more effective mite management programmes.

Varroa破坏剂是全世界西方蜜蜂（Apis mellifera L.）中最常见的外寄生物，对蜜蜂的健康构成了严重威胁。合成杀螨剂，尤其是拟除虫菊酯，常被用来防治螨虫。然而，长期和反复使用合成拟除虫菊酯导致耐药性的发展。在这项研究中，我们报告了在V. destructor中电压门控钠通道中存在抗性突变土耳其养蜂区的居民。在超过75％的人群中发现了两个以前与拟除虫菊酯抗性相关的抗性突变L925V和L925I。观察到的蜂箱突变存在与杀螨剂使用史之间的一般相关性。此外，我们显示有采样中只有一个较低的遗传距离V.析种群，基于三个线粒体基因分析：细胞色素b（CYTB），ATP合酶亚基6（ATP6），和细胞色素c ^氧化酶亚基III（cox3）。揭示拟除虫菊酯抗性突变的存在和地理分布V.析构 来自土耳其养蜂场的人们将有助于建立更有效的螨虫管理计划。