Reviewed by:

• Historic Real Estate: Market Morality and the Politics of Preservation in the Early United States by Whitney Martinko
• Richard Longstreth

Over the last quarter century, historic preservation has emerged as a major phenomenon in the reshaping of communities in the United States, but only much more recently has it begun to emerge as a significant factor in American intellectual thought—that is, how attitudes toward the physical past relate to a sense of identity and culture. The pioneering, and still very useful, volumes on the history of preservation in the United States written by Charles B. Hosmer Jr. are more a documentary narrative than an analytical exploration. Beginning with the remarkable studies of David Lowenthal, subsequent scholarship has begun to depart from examining preservation in a vacuum and to address its broader implications. As a result, we can begin to see how preservation entails much more than the documentary, legal, organizational, and technical frameworks established for protecting, repairing, or restoring historic buildings, structures, and landscapes. Preservation is a multifaceted, and sometimes contradictory, outlook toward how we retain things from the past that we consider significant through tangible or intangible means.

Whitney Martinko's Historic Real Estate: Market Morality and the Politics of Preservation in the Early United States is an important addition to this growing corpus of scholarly investigations. Hosmer's first book drove home the [End Page 330] fact that preservation efforts in the United States, far from being a new phenomenon, began well before the Civil War and generated a rich array of endeavors by the early twentieth century. Martinko reveals that veneration of colonial architecture was widespread by the 1820s, and active measures to protect portions of ancient Native earthworks in the Ohio River Valley were taken well before the early republic. Preservation, as she presents it, did not simply entail rescuing threatened vestiges of the past, as in the well-known case of George Washington's headquarters at Newburgh, New York, where efforts began in 1838 and were successfully consummated in 1850. Preservation could also mean keeping a country estate intact and in the family. While rebuilding the main house in a more modern vein, preservation could also entail saving fragments and undertaking visual documentation, including images in publications.

While we would like to think that we are far more accomplished at saving historic properties today than two centuries ago, Martinko's investigation shows how contemporary some of the attitudes in the early republic seem today. The Native earthworks were partially saved to enhance the appeal to attract settlers to the Ohio Company's real estate venture in what became Marietta, Ohio. Some merchants in the Northeast sought to capitalize on their "ancient" buildings as preferable to the new commercial buildings of the 1830s and 1840s (p. 22). Many persons sympathetic to the past assumed a moral high ground, insisting that the most financially lucrative development was not necessarily the optimal one. Others sought to adapt old buildings as a means of remaining economically competitive.

Martinko presents the many aspects of considering the historic built environment between the late eighteenth and the mid-nineteenth centuries in such a clear, thoughtful, and often engaging way that it can be easy for readers to lose sight of what a formidable endeavor this study represents. Some of the work discussed is well known to specialists in the history of preservation, but much of it lies in previously unexplored territory, and even finding the material was no mean feat. The result is not only a very rich investigation but also a revelatory framework for understanding how Americans have considered their physical heritage.

审核人：

• 历史性房地产：美国早期的市场道德与保护政治，惠特尼·马丁科（Whitney Martinko）
• 理查德·朗斯特雷斯（Richard Longstreth）

在过去的四分之一世纪中，历史性的保存已成为重塑美国社区的主要现象，但直到最近才开始成为美国知识分子思想的重要因素，也就是说，人们对传统知识的态度如何。过去的身体与一种认同感和文化感有关。由查尔斯·B·霍斯默（Charles B.Hosmer Jr. 从David Lowenthal的出色研究开始，后来的学术研究开始偏离真空地研究保存并解决其更广泛的含义。结果，我们可以开始了解保存的意义远远超出了纪录片，法律，组织，为保护，修复或恢复历史建筑，构筑物和景观而建立的技术框架。对于我们如何通过有形或无形手段保留过去认为重要的事物，保存是多方面的，有时是相互矛盾的。

惠特尼·马丁科（Whitney Martinko）的“历史房地产：美国早期的市场道德与保护政治”是这种日益壮大的学术研究的重要补充。Hosmer的第一本书驱使[End Page 330]回家。事实上，在南北战争之前，美国的保护工作远不是一个新现象，它早在二十世纪初就开始了，并引起了各种各样的努力。马丁科（Martinko）透露，殖民地建筑的崇敬在1820年代已经广泛传播，在共和国成立之前就采取了积极的措施来保护俄亥俄河谷的古代土方工程。正如她所介绍的那样，保存工作并不仅仅是挽救过去的濒危遗迹，例如乔治·华盛顿在纽约纽堡的总部的著名案例，该工作始于1838年，并于1850年成功完成。意思是保持乡村遗产完整无缺，并保留在家庭中。在以更现代的方式重建主屋的同时，

尽管我们想认为我们今天在保存历史遗迹方面比两个世纪前更加成就，但马丁科的调查表明，共和国早期的某些现代态度在今天显得如此。保留了土方土方工程，以增强吸引力，以吸引定居者加入俄亥俄公司位于俄亥俄州玛丽埃塔的房地产企业。东北的一些商人试图利用他们的“古老”建筑来代替1830和1840年代的新商业建筑（第22页）。许多同情过去的人在道德上占据了上风，坚持认为最有利可图的发展不一定是最佳的发展。其他人则试图改建旧建筑物，以保持经济竞争力。

马丁科（Martinko）提出了许多方面的内容，以一种清晰，周到且经常参与的方式来考虑18世纪末至19世纪中叶之间的历史建筑环境，以使读者可以轻松地忽略这项研究所代表的艰巨努力。 。所讨论的某些工作是保存历史上的专家所熟知的，但其中大部分都位于以前未开发的领域，甚至发现这些材料也绝非易事。结果不仅是一项非常丰富的调查，而且是一个了解美国人如何考虑其自然遗产的启示性框架。