Over the last decades, aquaculture production increased rapidly. The future development of the industry highly relies on the sustainable utilization of natural resources. The need for improving disease resistance, growth performance, food conversion, and product safety for human consumption has stimulated the application of probiotics in aquaculture. Probiotics increase growth and feed conversion, improve health status, raise disease resistance, decrease stress susceptibility, and improve general vigor. Currently, most probiotics still originate from terrestrial sources rather than fish. However, host-associated (autochthonous) probiotics are likely more persistent in the gastrointestinal tract of fish and may, therefore, exhibit longer-lasting effects on the host. Probiotic candidates are commonly screened in in vitro assays, but the transfer to in vivo assessment is often problematic. In conclusion, modulation of the host-associated microbiome by the use of complex probiotics is promising, but a solid understanding of the interactions involved is only in its infancy and requires further research. Probiotics could be used to explore novel ingredients such as chitin-rich insect meal, which cannot be digested by the fish host alone. Most importantly, probiotics offer the opportunity to improve stress and disease resistance, which is among the most pressing problems in aquaculture.

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鱼类营养中的益生菌-长期的家庭疗法还是天然的营养保健品？

在过去的几十年中，水产养殖产量迅速增长。该行业的未来发展高度依赖自然资源的可持续利用。对改善抗病性，生长性能，食品转化以及人类食用产品安全性的需求刺激了益生菌在水产养殖中的应用。益生菌可以增加生长和饲料转化率，改善健康状况，提高抗病能力，降低应激敏感性，并提高一般活力。目前，大多数益生菌仍来自陆地而不是鱼类。但是，与宿主相关的（自生的）益生菌在鱼的胃肠道中可能更持久，因此可能对宿主表现出更持久的作用。益生菌候选物通常在体外分析中进行筛选，但是转移到体内评估中常常会出现问题。总之，通过使用复杂的益生菌来调节与宿主相关的微生物组是有希望的，但是对所涉及相互作用的扎实了解仅在其婴儿期就需要进一步研究。益生菌可用于探索新颖的成分，例如富含甲壳质的昆虫粉，仅靠鱼寄主无法消化。最重要的是，益生菌提供了改善压力和抗病性的机会，这是水产养殖中最紧迫的问题之一。益生菌可用于探索新颖的成分，例如富含甲壳质的昆虫粉，仅靠鱼寄主无法消化。最重要的是，益生菌提供了改善压力和抗病性的机会，这是水产养殖中最紧迫的问题之一。益生菌可用于探索新颖的成分，例如富含甲壳质的昆虫粉，仅靠鱼寄主无法消化。最重要的是，益生菌提供了改善压力和抗病性的机会，这是水产养殖中最紧迫的问题之一。