Vision-induced gustatory manipulation interfaces can help people with dietary restrictions feel as if they are eating what they want by modulating the appearance of the alternative foods they are eating in reality. However, it is still unclear whether vision-induced gustatory change persists beyond a single bite, how the sensation changes over time, and how it varies among individuals from different cultural backgrounds. The present paper reports on a user study conducted to answer these questions using a generative adversarial network (GAN)-based real-time image-to-image translation system. In the user study, 16 participants were presented somen noodles or steamed rice through a video see-through head mounted display (HMD) both in two conditions; without or with visual modulation (somen noodles and steamed rice were translated into ramen noodles and curry and rice, respectively), and brought food to the mouth and tasted it five times with an interval of two minutes. The results of the experiments revealed that vision-induced gustatory manipulation is persistent in many participants. Their persistent gustatory changes are divided into three groups: those in which the intensity of the gustatory change gradually increased, those in which it gradually decreased, and those in which it did not fluctuate, each with about the same number of participants. Although the generalizability is limited due to the small population, it was also found that non-Japanese and male participants tended to perceive stronger gustatory manipulation compared to Japanese and female participants. We believe that our study deepens our understanding and insight into vision-induced gustatory manipulation and encourages further investigation.

中文翻译：

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基于GAN的视觉诱导的味觉操纵的持久性研究

视觉诱发的味觉操纵界面可以通过调节现实中他们正在吃的替代食物的外观，来帮助有饮食限制的人感觉好像他们正在吃自己想要的东西。然而，尚不清楚视力诱发的味觉变化是否会持续到单口咬咬之外，感觉如何随时间变化，以及不同文化背景的个体之间的变化如何。本文报告了一项使用基于生成对抗网络（GAN）的实时图像到图像翻译系统来回答这些问题的用户研究。在用户研究中，通过视频透视头戴式显示器（HMD）在两种情况下向16位参与者展示了面条或米饭。不带或不带视觉调节的（将面条和米饭分别转换为拉面，咖喱和米饭），将食物倒入嘴中，并以两分钟的间隔品尝五次。实验结果表明，视觉诱发的味觉操纵在许多参与者中是持久的。他们持续的味觉变化分为三组：味觉变化强度逐渐增加的人群，味觉变化强度逐渐降低的组和味觉变化没有波动的组，每组的参与者人数大致相同。尽管由于人口少，可推广性受到限制，但还发现与日本和女性参与者相比，非日本和男性参与者倾向于感知到更强烈的味觉操纵。