Alkene is an attractive substrate for chemists due to its easy availability and reactivity towards large number of reactants affording diverse range of organic compounds. It reacts under ionic and free radical mechanisms including single electron transfer (SET). In this review, strategies used for C–C and C-heteroatom functionalization of alkene has been discussed with emphasis on the regio, stereoselectivity, mechanistic detail and sustainability aspects. These strategies mainly follow the free radical mechanism, and the highly reactive carbon radicals show uncontrollable regio- and stereoselectivities. Thus these strategies still need to be focused; especially in the asymmetric versions. The regio- and stereoselectivities of functionalization of alkenes have been highlighted and debated. In addition, the hazardous reagents such as Cl₂, Br₂ I₂, CO, peroxides, and benzene have also been discussed with the emphasis on their impact on the environment. Their plausible green alternatives have also been suggested, such as MX as halogen replacement; CO surrogates (formaldehyde etc.); sustainable aromatic solvents as benzene replacement. The non-green strategies relying on pre-formed silyl hydride and their green alternative strategies such as transfer hydrogenations have also been indicated. The applications of the functionalization of alkenes for the total synthesis of bioactive compounds have also been discussed in detail. In addition, future perspectives are also highlighted for further developments in the functionalization of alkenes.

烯烃是一种对化学家有吸引力的底物，因为它易于获得，并且对大量反应物具有反应性，可提供各种有机化合物。它在离子和自由基机制下反应，包括单电子转移 (SET)。在这篇综述中，讨论了用于烯烃 C-C 和 C-杂原子官能化的策略，重点是区域、立体选择性、机械细节和可持续性方面。这些策略主要遵循自由基机制，高活性碳自由基显示出不可控的区域和立体选择性。因此，这些策略仍然需要重点关注；特别是在非对称版本中。烯烃官能化的区域选择性和立体选择性已经被强调和争论。此外，危险试剂如 Cl₂、Br ₂ I ₂、CO、过氧化物和苯也已被讨论，重点是它们对环境的影响。也有人提出了他们合理的绿色替代品，例如 MX 作为卤素替代品；CO替代物（甲醛等）；作为苯替代品的可持续芳烃溶剂。还指出了依赖于预先形成的甲硅烷基氢化物的非绿色策略及其绿色替代策略，例如转移氢化。还详细讨论了烯烃功能化在生物活性化合物全合成中的应用。此外，还强调了烯烃功能化的进一步发展的未来前景。