Disease-resistance (R) gene cloning in wheat (Triticum aestivum) has been accelerated by the recent surge of genomic resources, facilitated by advances in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics. However, with the challenges of population growth and climate change, it is vital not only to clone and functionally characterize a few handfuls of R genes, but also to do so at a scale that would facilitate the breeding and deployment of crops that can recognize the wide range of pathogen effectors that threaten agroecosystems. Pathogen populations are continually changing, and breeders must have tools and resources available to rapidly respond to those changes if we are to safeguard our daily bread. To meet this challenge, we propose the creation of a wheat R-gene atlas by an international community of researchers and breeders. The atlas would consist of an online directory from which sources of resistance could be identified and deployed to achieve more durable resistance to the major wheat pathogens, such as wheat rusts, blotch diseases, powdery mildew, and wheat blast. We present a costed proposal detailing how the interacting molecular components governing disease resistance could be captured from both the host and the pathogen through biparental mapping, mutational genomics, and whole-genome association genetics. We explore options for the configuration and genotyping of diversity panels of hexaploid and tetraploid wheat, as well as their wild relatives and major pathogens, and discuss how the atlas could inform a dynamic, durable approach to R-gene deployment. Set against the current magnitude of wheat yield losses worldwide, recently estimated at 21%, this endeavor presents one route for bringing R genes from the lab to the field at a considerable speed and quantity.

由于测序技术和生物信息学的进步，最近基因组资源的激增加速了小麦（小麦）中抗病 ( R ) 基因的克隆。然而，面对人口增长和气候变化的挑战，不仅要克隆少数几个R基因并对其进行功能表征，而且要在一定程度上进行克隆，以促进能够识别R基因的作物的育种和部署。威胁农业生态系统的各种病原体效应物。病原体种群在不断变化，如果我们要保护我们的日常面包，育种者必须拥有可用的工具和资源来快速应对这些变化。为了迎接这一挑战，我们建议创建小麦由国际研究人员和育种者组成的R基因图谱。该地图集将包含一个在线目录，从中可以识别和部署抗性来源，以实现对小麦锈病、斑点病、白粉病和小麦瘟病等主要小麦病原体的更持久的抗性。我们提出了一个成本提案，详细说明如何通过双亲作图、突变基因组学和全基因组关联遗传学从宿主和病原体中捕获控制抗病性的相互作用分子成分。我们探索了六倍体和四倍体小麦多样性面板的配置和基因分型选择，以及它们的野生近缘种和主要病原体，并讨论了地图集如何为R的动态、持久的方法提供信息-基因部署。与目前全球小麦产量损失的幅度（最近估计为 21%）相比，这项努力提出了一种以相当大的速度和数量将R基因从实验室带到田间的途径。