Abstract

Though livestock are one of the major contributors to climate change through emission of greenhouse gases (GHG), the intensity of emission and the mitigation potential from this sector is not clearly known in the study regions. Therefore, the present study was designed to estimate the emission of GHGs from the livestock sector over the time period (2003/04–2017/18) and evaluate the mitigation potential using the global livestock environment assessment model (GLEAM). Both primary and secondary data sources were used to obtain data on livestock population, herd parameters, feeding practices, and manure management. The study revealed an increasing trend of GHG from 2003/04 to 2017/18, where the annual emission increased with an average 3.8 Mt carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂-eq) for all species and 3.3 Mt CO₂-eq for cattle alone at national level. Though there is some variation between regions, methane (CH₄) was the major gas emitted from ruminant production followed by nitrous oxide (N₂O), however the emission of N₂O was higher (> 70%) in poultry production. The emission intensity from chicken egg and meat, 1.8–3.3 and 2.2–7.2 kg CO₂-eq/kg of product, respectively, was much lower than the emission intensity of meat from small ruminants (16.4–51.5 kg CO₂-eq/kg of product) and cattle (34.2–148.2 kg CO₂-eq/kg of product). Implementing the integrated mitigation approach has much pronounced reduction effect on GHG emissions as well as increasing the productivity of the livestock sector. Unless mitigation measures are taken, the sector’s emission will increase over time. Thus, federal and regional governments, and partner organizations working in the sector need to give more attention and implement the initiatives identified in the Climate Resilient Green Economy (CRGE) strategy and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) recommendations to mitigate GHG emissions from the livestock sector.

摘要

虽然畜牧业是通过排放温室气体 (GHG) 导致气候变化的主要因素之一，但在研究区域中，该部门的排放强度和减缓潜力尚不清楚。因此，本研究旨在估算这段时间（2003/04-2017/18）畜牧部门的温室气体排放量，并使用全球畜牧业环境评估模型（GLEAM）评估减缓潜力。主要和次要数据来源都用于获取有关牲畜数量、畜群参数、饲养方法和粪便管理的数据。该研究揭示了从 2003/04 到 2017/18 温室气体的增加趋势，其中所有物种的年排放量平均为 3.8 Mt 二氧化碳当量 (CO ₂ -eq) 和 3.3 Mt CO₂ -eq 仅针对国家层面的牛。虽然地区之间存在一些差异，但甲烷（CH ₄）是反刍动物生产中排放的主要气体，其次是一氧化二氮（N ₂ O），但家禽生产中 N ₂ O的排放量更高（> 70%）。鸡蛋和肉类的排放强度分别为 1.8-3.3 和 2.2-7.2 kg CO ₂ -eq/kg 产品，远低于小反刍动物肉类的排放强度（16.4-51.5 kg CO ₂ -eq/ kg 产品）和牛（34.2–148.2 kg CO ₂-eq/kg 产品）。实施综合缓解方法对温室气体排放的减少效果非常显着，并提高了畜牧业的生产力。除非采取缓解措施，否则该部门的排放量将随着时间的推移而增加。因此，联邦和地区政府以及在该领域工作的合作伙伴组织需要更多关注并实施气候适应型绿色经济 (CRGE) 战略和联合国粮食及农业组织 (FAO) 建议中确定的举措，以减少温室气体排放。畜牧业的排放。