With huge cheap micro-sensing devices deployed, wireless sensor network (WSN) gathers information from the region and delivers it to the base station (BS) for further decision. The hotspot problem occurs when cluster head (CH) nearer to BS may die prematurely due to uneven energy depletion resulting in partitioning the network. To overcome the issue of hotspot or energy hole, unequal clustering is used where variable size clusters are formed. Motivated from the aforesaid discussion, we propose an enhanced fuzzy unequal clustering and routing protocol (E-FUCA) where vital parameters are considered during CH candidate selection, and intelligent decision using fuzzy logic (FL) is taken by non-CH nodes during the selection of their CH for the formation of clusters. To further extend the lifetime, we have used FL for the next-hop choice for efficient routing. We have conducted the simulation experiments for four scenarios and compared the propound protocol’s performance with recent similar protocols. The experimental results validate the improved performance of E-FUCA with its comparative in respect of better lifetime, protracted stability period, and enhanced average energy.

通过部署巨大的廉价微传感设备，无线传感器网络（WSN）会从该区域收集信息，并将其传递给基站（BS）进行进一步决策。当靠近BS的簇头（CH）由于能量消耗不均而导致网络分区时，簇头（CH）可能过早死亡时，就会出现热点问题。为了克服热点或能量孔的问题，在形成可变大小的簇的地方使用了不相等的簇。从上述讨论的动机出发，我们提出了一种增强的模糊不等式聚类和路由协议（E-FUCA），该协议在选择CH候选者时考虑了生命参数，并且在选择过程中非CH节点采用了基于模糊逻辑（FL）的智能决策。 CH的形成簇。为了进一步延长使用寿命，我们将FL用于下一跳选择，以实现高效的路由。我们已经针对四种情况进行了仿真实验，并将提议协议的性能与最近的类似协议进行了比较。实验结果证实了E-FUCA的改进性能，与之相比，它具有更长的使用寿命，更长的稳定期和更高的平均能量。