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Environmental Characterization of Underwater Munitions Constituents at a Former Military Training Range
Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry ( IF 4.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-05-12 , DOI: 10.1002/etc.5112
Gunther Rosen 1 , Guilherme R Lotufo 2 , Jason B Belden 3 , Robert D George 1
Affiliation  

As a result of military activities, unexploded ordnance and discarded military munitions are present in underwater environments, which has resulted in the release of munitions constituents including the high explosives 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), along with their primary degradation products, to the water column and adjacent sediments. The present study focused on the characterization of underwater exposure and concentrations of energetics such as TNT and RDX at the former Vieques Naval Training Range at Bahia Salina del Sur (Vieques, Puerto Rico, USA), a bay with documented high incidence of munitions. In situ passive sampling using polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) was used for the detection and quantification of constituents in water at target locations approximately 15 to 30 cm from 15 individual potentially leaking munitions, and also at 15 unbiased locations approximately evenly spaced across the Bay. For comparison with POCIS-derived concentrations, grab samples were taken at the POCIS target locations. The POCIS-derived and averaged grab samples agreed within a factor of 3. When detected, munitions constituent concentrations (primarily TNT and RDX) were observed at ultratrace concentrations (as low as 4 ng/L for RDX), except 30 cm from one General Purpose bomb where the TNT concentration was 5.3 µg/L, indicating that low-level contamination exists at Bahia Salina del Sur on a very localized scale despite the relatively high density of munitions, similar to previously reported results for other munitions sites around the world. Sediment and porewater sampled at 4 stations where munitions constituents were detected in the water column had concentrations below detection (approximately 5 µg/kg and 5 ng/L, respectively), suggesting that the sediment was not a sink for these constituents at those locations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:275–286. © 2021 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

中文翻译:

前军事训练场水下弹药成分的环境表征

由于军事活动,水下环境中存在未爆弹药和丢弃的军用弹药,这导致弹药成分的释放,包括高爆炸药 2,4,6-三硝基甲苯 (TNT) 和六氢-1,3,5 -trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) 及其主要降解产物进入水柱和邻近的沉积物。本研究的重点是在 Bahia Salina del Sur(美国波多黎各别克斯岛)的前别克斯海军训练靶场的水下暴露和 TNT 和 RDX 等能量物质浓度的表征,该海湾记录了弹药的高发率。使用极性有机化学综合采样器 (POCIS) 进行原位被动采样,用于检测和量化距离 15 个可能泄漏的弹药约 15 至 30 厘米的目标位置以及在 15 个大致均匀分布的无偏位置的水中的成分。湾。为了与 POCIS 衍生的浓度进行比较,在 POCIS 目标位置采集样本。POCIS 衍生的平均抓取样本在 3 倍范围内一致。当检测到弹药成分浓度(主要是 TNT 和 RDX)时,在超痕量浓度(RDX 低至 4 ng/L)下观察到弹药成分浓度,除了距离一个将军 30 厘米TNT 浓度为 5.3 µg/L 的用途炸弹,表明尽管弹药密度相对较高,但 Bahia Salina del Sur 在非常局部的范围内仍存在低水平污染,这与之前报道的世界各地其他弹药地点的结果相似。在水柱中检测到弹药成分的 4 个站点采样的沉积物和孔隙水的浓度低于检测值(分别约为 5 µg/kg 和 5 ng/L),这表明沉积物不是这些位置的这些成分的汇。环境毒物化学2022;41:275–286。© 2021 SETAC。本文由美国政府雇员贡献,他们的工作在美国属于公共领域。
更新日期:2021-05-12
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