Ecological stability is a multidimensional construct. Investigating multiple stability dimensions is key to understand how ecosystems respond to disturbance. Here, we evaluated the single and combined effects of common agricultural stressors (insecticide, herbicide and nutrients) on four dimensions of stability (resistance, resilience, recovery and invariability) and on the overall dimensionality of stability (DS) using the results of a freshwater mesocosm experiment. Functional recovery and resilience to pesticides were enhanced in nutrient-enriched systems, whereas compositional recovery was generally not achieved. Pesticides did not affect compositional DS, whereas functional DS was significantly increased by the insecticide only in non-enriched systems. Stressor interactions acted non-additively on single stability dimensions as well as on functional DS. Moreover we demonstrate that pesticides can modify the correlation between functional and compositional aspects of stability. Our study shows that different disturbance types, and their interactions, require specific management actions to promote ecosystem stability.

中文翻译：

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多重应激源对生态稳定性维度的影响

生态稳定性是一个多维的结构。研究多个稳定性维度是了解生态系统如何应对干扰的关键。在这里，我们使用淡水的结果评估了常见农业压力源（杀虫剂、除草剂和营养素）对稳定性四个维度（抗性、复原力、恢复性和不变性）以及稳定性总体维度（DS）的单一和组合影响。中宇宙实验。在营养丰富的系统中，功能恢复和对农药的抵抗力得到增强，但成分恢复通常没有实现。农药不影响成分 DS，而功能 DS 仅在非富集系统中通过杀虫剂显着增加。压力源相互作用对单一稳定性维度以及功能 DS 产生非相加作用。此外，我们证明农药可以改变稳定性的功能和成分方面之间的相关性。我们的研究表明，不同的干扰类型及其相互作用需要采取特定的管理措施来促进生态系统的稳定性。