Plant respiratory burst oxidase homolog (Rboh) are key enzymes for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in plants. They help in resisting adverse environmental conditions and regulating growth and development. To date, many Rboh family members have been identified in plants, but little is known about Rboh genes in pepper. In this study, seven CaRboh genes and six CaRboh genes were identified in ‘Zunla-1′ and ‘CM334′ pepper genomes, respectively. All CaRboh proteins were predicted to localize to the plasma membrane and were divided into five subfamilies by comparative phylogenetic analysis. A total of fourteen cis-elements were identified in the promoters of CaRboh genes. Synteny analysis of the Rboh proteins of pepper with those of Arabidopsis, tomato, and potato, led to the identification of several orthologous and paralogous genes, which provided further insight into the diversity of the evolutionary characteristics of genes of this family in other plant species. Besides, the expression profiles revealed that CaRbohA, CaRbohB, and CaRbohD genes were highly expressed in all tissues, while CaRbohC, CaRbohF, and CaRbohG genes were expressed at very low levels. The results of physiological indexes and qRT-PCR showed that CaRbohA, CaRbohB, and CaRbohD genes response to stress by mediates H₂O₂ and O₂^•−, and then lead to MDA accumulation, implying that the three genes play an important role in response to abiotic stress. This study has laid a foundation for further understanding of the function of Rboh family genes in pepper.

植物呼吸猝发氧化酶同源物（Rboh）是植物中产生活性氧（ROS）的关键酶。它们有助于抵抗不利的环境条件并调节增长和发展。迄今为止，已经在植物中鉴定出许多Rboh家族成员，但对胡椒中Rboh基因的了解甚少。在这项研究中，分别在'Zunla-1'和'CM334'辣椒基因组中鉴定了7个CaRboh基因和6个CaRboh基因。据预测，所有CaRboh蛋白都定位于质膜，并通过比较系统发育分析将其分为五个亚家族。在CaRboh基因的启动子中总共鉴定出14个顺式元件。辣椒Rboh蛋白与辣椒Rboh蛋白的协同分析。拟南芥，番茄和马铃薯导致了几个直系同源和旁系同源基因的鉴定，从而进一步了解了该家族其他植物物种的基因进化特征的多样性。此外，表达谱显示，CaRbohA，CaRbohB和CaRbohD基因在所有组织中均高表达，而CaRbohC，CaRbohF和CaRbohG基因均以非常低的水平表达。生理指标和qRT-PCR结果表明，CaRbohA，CaRbohB和CaRbohD基因通过介导H ₂ O对应激反应₂和O ₂ ^•−，然后导致MDA积累，表明这三个基因在响应非生物胁迫中起重要作用。该研究为进一步了解Rboh家族基因在辣椒中的功能奠定了基础。