A three-dimensional coupled vibroacoustic finite element model for physics-based simulations of the sound generation by mallet percussion instruments in the time domain is discussed in the present paper. The mechanical model takes the orthotropic material properties of the wooden sound bars and the nonlinear nature of the interaction force between the mallet head and the sound bar into account while the acoustical model considers radiation into an unbounded domain. A direct coupling of the sound bars, acoustical cavity resonators, and the excitation by a mallet is considered with exploiting the modal basis to reduce the number of degrees of freedom of the system. Both the mechanical and acoustical models are validated by comparing them to measurements performed on an Orff xylophone. A case study shows the capabilities of the coupled model, including the analysis of the energy balance, the effect of tuning the resonator, and the excitation of the torsional modes of the sound bar.

中文翻译：

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用模态振动声耦合有限元模型模拟槌槌打击乐器

本文讨论了三维耦合振动声学有限元模型，用于基于物理模拟的槌击乐器在时域中的声音产生。力学模型考虑了木质条形音箱的正交各向异性材料特性以及槌头与条形音箱之间相互作用力的非线性特性，而声学模型则考虑了辐射进入无界区域。考虑到利用模态基础来减少系统的自由度的数量，可以考虑将条形音箱，声腔谐振器以及用槌槌进行的直接耦合。通过将机械模型和声学模型与在Orff木琴上进行的测量进行比较，可以对它们进行验证。案例研究显示了耦合模型的功能，