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In situ measurements of bioluminescence response of Gonyaulax spinifera to various mechanical stimuli
Aquatic Ecology ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-18 , DOI: 10.1007/s10452-021-09836-7
C. R. Vishal , A. Parvathi , P. Anil , P. M. Mohammed Iqbal , K. R. Muraleedharan , S. Abdul Azeez , Camey M. Furtado

A conspicuous bioluminescence during nighttime was reported in an aquaculture farm in the Cochin estuary due to Gonyaulax spinifera bloom on March 20, 2020. In situ measurements on bioluminescence was carried out during nighttime to quantify the response of G. spinifera to various mechanical stimuli. The bioluminescence intensity (BI) was measured using Glowtracka, an advanced single channel sensor, attached to a Conductivity–Temperature–Depth Profiler. In steady environment, without any external stimuli, the bioluminescence generated due to the movement of fishes and shrimps in the water column was not detected by the sensor. However, stimuli such as a hand splash, oar and swimming movements, and a mixer could generate measurable bioluminescence responses. An abundance of ~ 2.7 × 106 cells L−1 of G. spinifera with exceptionally high chlorophyll a of 25 mg m−3 was recorded. The BI in response to hand splash was recorded as high as 1.6 × 1011 photons cm−2 s−1. Similarly, BI of ~ 1–6 × 1010 photons cm−2 s−1 with a cumulative bioluminescence of ~ 2.51 × 1012 photons cm−2 (for 35 s) was recorded when there is a mixer with a constant force of 494 N/800 rpm min−1. The response of G. spinifera was spontaneous with no time lapse between application of stimuli and the bioluminescence response. Interestingly, in natural environment, application of stimulus for longer time periods (10 min) does not lower the bioluminescence intensity due to the replenishment of water thrusted in by the mixer from surrounding areas. We also demonstrated that the bioluminescence intensity decreases with increase in distance from the source of stimuli (mixer) (av. 1.84 × 1010 photons cm−2 s−1 at 0.2 m to av. 0.05 × 1010 photons cm−2 s−1 at 1 m). The BI was highest in the periphery of the turbulent wake generated by the stimuli (av. 3.1 × 1010 photons cm−2 s−1) compared to the center (av. 1.8 × 1010 photons cm−2 s−1). When the stimuli was applied vertically down, the BI decreased from 0.2 m (0.3 × 1010 photons cm−2 s−1) to 0.5 m (0.10 × 1010 photons cm−2 s−1). Our study demonstrates that the BI of G. spinifera increases with increase in mechanical stimuli and decreases with increase in distance from the stimuli.



中文翻译:

原产刺藻对各种机械刺激的生物发光响应的原位测量

在夜间甲显眼生物发光报道,在高知河口水产养殖场中,由于具刺膝沟3月20日,2020年开花原位生物发光测量进行夜间期间进行量化的响应G.具刺各种机械刺激。生物发光强度(BI)使用Glowtracka(一种先进的单通道传感器)测量,该传感器连接到电导率-温度-深度轮廓仪上。在稳定的环境中,没有任何外部刺激,传感器无法检测到由于水虾中虾和虾的运动而产生的生物发光。但是,诸如手部飞溅,划桨和游泳动作以及搅拌器等刺激可以产生可测量的生物发光响应。约2.7×10的丰度记录到6个棘生假单胞菌的L -1细胞,其叶绿素a异常高,为25 mg m -3。响应于手飞溅的BI被记录为高达1.6×10 11个光子cm -2  s -1。类似地,当使用恒定力为494的混合器时,记录的BI为〜1–6×10 10光子cm -2  s -1,累积生物发光为〜2.51×10 12光子cm -2(持续35 s)。 N / 800 rpm最小-1G. spinifera的反应是自发的,在施加刺激和生物发光反应之间没有时间间隔。有趣的是,在自然环境中,长时间使用刺激(10分钟)不会降低生物发光强度,这是由于混合器从周围区域注入的水的补充。我们还表明,该生物发光的强度与增加距离刺激(混合器)(AV源降低1.84×10。10光子厘米-2 小号-1在0.2微米到AV 0.05×10。10光子厘米-2 小号- 1在1 m处)。BI在由刺激产生的湍流尾流的周围最高(av。3.1×10 10光子cm -2 s -1)相对于中心(平均1.8×10 10光子cm -2  s -1)。当垂直向下施加刺激时,BI从0.2m(0.3×10 10光子cm -2  s -1)降低到0.5m(0.10×10 10光子cm -2  s -1)。我们的研究表明,刺线虫的BI随机械刺激的增加而增加,而随着距刺激距离的增加而降低。

更新日期:2021-02-18
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